Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of seven autosomal recessively inherited disorders of various enzymes participating in adrenal steroid hormone synthesis. Patients present with various symptoms depending on the nature and severity of the enzymatic block. More than 95% of all CAH patients suffer from 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The genetic background is well characterized for all CAH subtypes. Characterization of their genetic background has provided important pathophysiologic understanding of steroid biosynthesis disorders. Genotyping is important for confirming diagnosis, determining prognostic factors, and for genetic counseling for family planning and may reveal new therapeutic approaches.
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Abbreviations
- 11-OHD:
-
11β-hydroxylase deficiency
- 17-OHD:
-
17α-hydroxylase deficiency
- 17-OHP:
-
17-hydroxyprogesterone
- 21-OHD:
-
21-hydroxylase deficiency
- ACTH:
-
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- CAH:
-
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- CNV:
-
Copy number variation
- CRH:
-
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
- DOC:
-
11-deoxycorticosterone
- HLA:
-
Human leukocyte antigen
- HSD3B2:
-
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency
- LC-MS:
-
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- MHC:
-
Major histocompatibility complex
- MLPA:
-
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
- NCCAH:
-
Non-classic CAH
- OMIM:
-
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- POR:
-
Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
- SCC:
-
Side-chain cleavage enzyme
- StAR:
-
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
- SV, SV-CAH:
-
Classic simple virilizing CAH
- SW, SW-CAH:
-
Classic salt-wasting CAH
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Török, D. (2019). Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. In: Igaz, P., Patócs, A. (eds) Genetics of Endocrine Diseases and Syndromes. Experientia Supplementum, vol 111. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25905-1_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25905-1_12
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