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Sex Steroid Hormones and Osteosarcopenia

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Osteosarcopenia: Bone, Muscle and Fat Interactions

Abstract

Sex steroids exert diverse, divergent and dynamic effects on muscle and bone. Beyond their essential role in sexual dimorphism, sex steroids contribute to the accrual, maintenance and age-related involution of the musculoskeletal system. Falls and fractures occur, dire consequences of musculoskeletal attrition and functional decline, in association with a critical reduction in sex steroids in older individuals. Conversely, the reversal of sex steroid deficiency and therapies that specifically target sex steroid receptor signalling (e.g. SARMs) mitigate aspects of musculoskeletal aging. This chapter will discuss key principles in sex steroid biology, evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on their anabolic and anti-catabolic effects on muscle and bone, and therapeutic possibilities for osteosarcopenia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Christian M. Girgis

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Christian M. Girgis

  3. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Christian M. Girgis

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  1. Christian M. Girgis
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Correspondence to Christian M. Girgis .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia, Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia

    Gustavo Duque

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Girgis, C.M. (2019). Sex Steroid Hormones and Osteosarcopenia. In: Duque, G. (eds) Osteosarcopenia: Bone, Muscle and Fat Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25890-0_8

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