Abstract
This research chapter presents barriers to post-tsunami housing reconstruction in a developing country context specifically focused on the issues of peri-urban areas and villages located in coastal areas. This chapter can be used as a model to understand post-tsunami reconstruction issues in the Global South. It also presents institutional management and governance challenges that can significantly delay successful implementation of post-tsunami housing projects. India has been hit by a spate of natural disasters to include the Chennai floods of 2015 and the recent floods of Kerala of 2018 and therefore is extremely relevant to understand post-disaster reconstruction challenges.
The tsunami of 2004 affected 3,415,000 people in India alone, killing 2,75,000 persons in Southeast Asia. Although various levels of government and nongovernmental organizations participated in reconstruction, the maximum impact of the tsunami was on villages and therefore the traditional Panchayats (local governance institution). They were the lead organizations that had to make key decisions in post-disaster reconstruction. However, Panchayats faced with limited institutional capacity and experience were overwhelmed. This chapter aims to understand a. the specific role of Panchayats in post-tsunami reconstruction and assess their performance b. to identify the sociopolitical economy factors that affect Panchayats’s effectiveness in reconstruction program implementation c. to identify remedial measures to address the identified barriers and recommend performance improvement measures.
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- 1.
Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001, with its epicenter in Kutch, Gujarat, India, leading to loss of 13,800 lives as per estimates of the Bhuj Development Authority, though initial toll was predicted to be as high as 30,000. 167,000 people suffered injury and 1 million houses were damaged. http://www.bhujada.com/
- 2.
Women have been given the right to agriculture development, irrigation, fishery, social forestry, minor forest produce, drinking water, fuel and fodder, poverty alleviation program, education, adult education, health and sanitation, family welfare, women and child development, social welfare, and maintenance of community assets.
- 3.
- 4.
Japan, a country exposed to earthquakes and tsunami frequently, has a prevention and mitigation plan in place.
- 5.
A tsunami early warning system comprises of instruments that can detect tsunamis and works through a network to communicate the information to local, state, national, and international agencies to enable early evacuation.
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Mohan, S.R. (2020). Post-tsunami Reconstruction and Panchayats: Political Economy Barriers to Effective Implementation. Independent Consultant and Urban Environmental Specialist. In: Ghosh, M. (eds) Perception, Design and Ecology of the Built Environment. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25879-5_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25879-5_8
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