Skip to main content

Introduction: Epidemiology of Traumatic Dental Injuries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children

Abstract

Dental injuries as the result of trauma are common and affect people of all ages and socioeconomic levels. Knowing what puts an individual at risk for injury provides an opportunity to prevent or minimize trauma to the child and their teeth. Because traumatic injuries are complex in their etiology, they are not completely preventable. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children and adolescents and to familiarize dentists with the guidelines available to manage different types of dental trauma. The causes of TDIs in children and how they are addressed vary somewhat due to the child’s age and ability to cooperate for treatment. It is also incumbent upon the dentist to recognize and report injuries that are suspected to be the result of child maltreatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Glendor U. Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries–a 12 year review of the literature. Dent Traumatol. 2008;24:603–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Petti S, Glendor U, Andersson L. World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta-analysis-one billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2018;34:71–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Azami-Aghdash S, Azar EF, Azar PF, Rezapour A, Moradi-Joo M, Moosavi A, Oskouei GS. Prevalence, etiology, and types of dental trauma in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015;29:234.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. American Dental Association Commission on Dental Accreditation. Accreditation Standards for Advanced Dental Education Programs in Pediatric Dentistry. 2018. Chicago: American Dental Association. Adopted 8/3/2018. Implemented 1/1/2019 https://www.ada.org/~/media/CODA/Files/ped.pdf. Accessed 5/10/2019.

  5. American Dental Association Commission on Dental Accreditation. Accreditation Standards for Advanced Dental Education Programs in Endodontics. 2018. Chicago: American Dental Association. Adopted 8/3/2018. Implemented 1/1/2019. https://www.ada.org/~/media/CODA/Files/endo.pdf. Accessed 5/10/2019.

  6. Ravikuman D, Jeevanandan G, Subramanian EMG. Evaluation of knowledge among general dentists in treatment of traumatic injuries in primary teeth: a cross-sectional questionnaire study. Eur J Dent. 2017;11:232–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hartmann RC, Rossetti BR, Siqueira Pinheiro L, Poli de Fiqueiredo JA, Rossi-Fedele G, S Gomes M, Gutierrez de Borba M. Dentists’ knowledge of dental trauma based on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines: a survey in South Brazil. Dent Traumatol. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1111/edt.12450. ahead of print.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Alyasi M, Al Halabi M, Hussein I, Khamis AH, Kowash M. Dentists’ knowledge of the guidelines of traumatic dental injuries in the United Arab Emirates. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2018;19:271–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Odersjo ML, Robertson A, Koch G. Incidence of dental traumatic injuries in children 0-4 years of age: a prospective study based on parental reporting. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2018;19:107–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Flores MT, Holan G, Andreasen JO, Lauridsen E. Injuries to the primary dentition. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2019. p. 556–88.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fisher-Owens SA, Lukefahr JL, Tate AR, American Academy of Pediatrics, Section on Oral Health, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Council on Clinical Affairs, Council on Scientific Affairs, Ad Hoc Work Group on Child Abuse and Neglect. Oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect. Pediatr Dent. 2017;39:278–83.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sgan-Cohen HD, Megnagi G, Jacobi Y. Dental trauma and its association with anatomic, behavioral, and social variables among fifth and sixth grade schoolchildren in Jerusalem. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:174–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Petti S. Over two hundred million injuries to anterior teeth attributable to large overjet: a meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2015;31:1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Herguner A, Erdur AE, Basciftci FA, Herguner S. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2015;31:140–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Sabuncuoglu O, Irmak MY. 2017. The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder model for traumatic dental injuries: a critical review and update of the last 10 years. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33:71–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Al-Batayneh OB, Al O, Al-Saydali MO, Waldman HB. Traumatic dental injuries in children with special health care needs. Dent Traumatol. 2017;33:269–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Collins CL, McKenzie LB, Ferketich RA, Huiyun X, Comstock RD. Dental injuries sustained by high school athletes in the United States, from 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years. Dent Traumatol. 2016;32:121–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bakland LK. Traumatic dental injuries. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, editors. Endodontics. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 2002. p. 795–844.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Cavalleri Z, Zerman N. Traumatic crown fractures in permanent incisors with immature roots: a follow-up study. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1995;11:294–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F. An investigation into the association between facial profile and maxillary incisor trauma, a clinical non-radiographic study. Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:403–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute. https://www.helmets.org/mandator.htm#international. Accessed 5/10/2019.

  22. Chapman HR, Curran AL. Bicycle helmets—does the dental profession have a role in promoting their use? Br Dent J. 2004;196:555–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Thompson DC, Nunn ME, Thompson RS, Rivara F. Effectiveness of bicycle safety helmets in preventing serious facial injury. JAMA. 1996;276:1974–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Traffic Safety Facts 1997. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Dept of Transportation; 1998. Publication DOT HS 808770.

    Google Scholar 

  25. National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) motor vehicle traffic crash data resource Page. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/#/. Accessed 5/10/19.

  26. Mouzakes J, Koltai PJ, Kuhar S, Bernstein DS, Wing P, Salsberg E. The impact of airbags and seat belts on the incidence and severity of maxillofacial injuries in automobile accidents in New York State. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:1189–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Durbin DR, Chen I, Smith R, Elliott MR, Winston FK. Effects of seating position and appropriate restraint use on the risk of injury to children in motor vehicle crashes. Pediatrics. 2005;115:e305–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Natu SS, Pradhan H, Gupta H, Alam S, Gupta S, Pradhan R, Mohammad S, Kohli M, Sinha VP Shankar R, Agarwal A. An epidemiological study on pattern and incidence of mandibular fractures. Plast Surg Int. 2012;2012:834364.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. World Health Organization fact sheet on child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment. Accessed 12/28/18.

  30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Violence against children surveys: towards a violence-free generation. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childabuseandneglect/vacs/index.html. Accessed 5/10/2019.

  31. Child Welfare Information Gateway. Child abuse and neglect fatalities 2016: statistics and interventions. 2018. Children’s Bureau/ACYF/ACF/HHS. https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/fatality.pdf. Accessed 12/28/18.

  32. Christian CW, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, American Academy of Pediatrics. The evaluation of suspected child physical abuse. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e1337–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ferreira MC, Batista AM, Ferreira FO, Ramos-Joege ML, Marques LS. Pattern of oral-maxillofacial trauma stemming from interpersonal physical violence and determinant factors. Dent Traumatol. 2014;30:15–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Gassner R, Bosch R, Tuli T, Emshoff R. Prevalence of dental trauma in 6000 patients with facial injuries: implications for prevention. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87:27–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Levin L, Lin S, Goldman S, Peleg K. Relationship between socio-economic position and general, maxillofacial and dental trauma: A National Trauma Registry Study. Dent Traumatol. 2010;26:342–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank Pediatric Report 2016. https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/tqp/center-programs/ntdb/docpub. Accessed 12/7/18.

  37. Dimitroulis G, Eyre J. A 7-year review of maxillofacial trauma in a central London hospital. Br Dent J. 1991;170:300–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. ADHD Institute. https://adhd-institute.com/. Accessed 12/28/18.

  39. Sabuncuoglu O, Taser H, Berkem M. Relationship between traumatic dental injuries and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: proposal of an explanatory model. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21:249–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ziegler AM. Analysis of a comprehensive dental trauma database: an epidemiologic study of traumatic dental injuries to the permanent dentition. Dissertation, The Ohio State University; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mayers LB, Chiffriller SH. Body art (body piercing and tattooing) among undergraduate university students: “then and now”. J Adolesc Health. 2008;42:201–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Campbell A, Moore A, Williams E, Stephens J, Tatakis DN. Tongue piercing: impact of time and barbell stem length on lingual gingival recession and tooth chipping. J Periodontol. 2002;73:289–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Bessermann K. Frequency of maxillo-facial injuries in a hospital population of patients with epilepsy. Bull Nord Soc Dent Handicap. 1978;5:12–26.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Lagunju IA, Oyinlade AO, Babatunde OD. Seizure-related injuries in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;54:131–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Cardoso AM, Silva CR, Gomes LN, Gomes MDAN, Padilha WW, Cavalcanti AL. Dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dent Traumatol. 2015;31:471–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Holan G, Peretz B, Efrat J, Shapira Y. Traumatic injuries to the teeth in young individuals with cerebral palsy. Dent Traumatol. 2005;21:65–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Andersson L, Petti S, Day P, Kenny K, Glendor U, Andreasen JO. Classification, epidemiology and etiology. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 5th ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2019. p. 252–94.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Erenberg A, Nowak AJ. Appliance for stabilizing orogastric and orotracheal tubes in infants. Crit Care Med. 1984;12:669–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Newland MC, Ellis SJ, Peters KR, Simonson JA, Durham TM, Ullrich FA, Tinker JH. Dental injury associated with anesthesia: a report of 161,687 anesthetics given over 14 years. J Clin Anesth. 2007;19:339–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Vukovic A, Vukovic R, Markovic D, Soldatovic I, Mandinic Z, Beloica M, Stojan G. After-hours versus office-hours dental injuries in children: does timing influence outcome? Clin Pediatr. 2016;55:29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Hamilton FA, Hill FJ, Holloway PJ. An investigation of dento-alveolar trauma and its treatment in an adolescent population. Part 2: dentists’ knowledge of management methods and their perceptions of barriers to providing care. Br Dent J. 1997;182:129–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Marcenes W, Alessi ON, Traebert J. Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 12 years in Jaragua do Sul, Brazil. Int Dent J. 2000;50:87–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. DiAngelis AJ, Andreasen JO, Ebeleseder KA, Kenny DJ, Trope M, Sigurdsson A, Andersson L, Bourguignon C, Flores MT, Hicks ML, Lenzi AR, Malmgren B, Moule AJ, Pohl Y, Tsukiboshi M. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:2–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Day P, Heithersay G, Trope M, DiAngelis AJ, Kenny DJ, Sigurdsson A, Bourguignon C, Flores MT, Hicks ML, Lenzi AR, Malmgren B, Moule AJ, Tsukiboshi M. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:88–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Malmgren B, Adreasen JO, Flores MT, Robertson A, DiAngelis AJ, Andersson L, Cavalleri G, Cohenca N, Day P, Hicks ML, Malmgren O, Moule AJ, Onetto J, Tsukiboshi M, International Association of Dental Traumatology. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:174–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Slayton, R.L., Palmer, E.A. (2020). Introduction: Epidemiology of Traumatic Dental Injuries. In: Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25793-4_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25793-4_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25792-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25793-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics