Abstract
This chapter concerns itself with policies designed to promote children’s well-being through media. First, it looks at different ways of regulating screen media for children’s benefit, focusing on the principles of provision, protection and participation that underpin the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)—before considering collaborative initiatives between regulatory bodies aimed at reducing disparities in European and Arab regulatory approaches. Adaptation of regulatory practices to the digital era is identified as a major challenge in both regions alongside differing interpretations and implementation of Article 17 of the CRC. Opportunities for national and transnational policy communities are then scrutinised as a route towards knowledge exchange and shared practices, revealing resistance from Arab states to activity that might enhance children’s media rights.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anon. 2018. Authors’ interview with producer. Munich, May 27.
ARTICLE 19. 1999. Kid’s Talk: Freedom of Expression and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. London: ARTICLE 19.
———. 2017. Tunisia: Draft Law on the Audiovisual Commission. London: ARTICLE 19.
Bartlett, Oliver, and Amandine Garde. 2017. The EU’s Failure to Support Member States in Their Implementation of the WHO Recommendations: How to Ignore the Elephant in the Room? European Journal of Risk Regulation 8: 251–269.
Bryant, J. Alison. 2006. Understanding the Children’s Television Community from an Organizational Network Perspective. In The Children’s Television Community, ed. J. Alison Bryant, 35–60. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bryant, J.Alison. 2007. Prix Jeunesse Foundation. In Encyclopaedia of Children, Adolescents and the Media, ed. Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, vol. 673. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Busby, Mattha. 2019. Outrage After Netflix Pulls Comedy Show Criticising Saudi Arabia. The Guardian, January 1. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/jan/01/outrage-after-netflix-pulls-comedy-show-criticising-saudi-arabia. Accessed 4 May 2019.
Carniel Bugs, Ricardo, and Carmina Crusafon. 2014. The Construction of a Mediterranean Perspective in Media Policy: Common Values for Content Regulation in MENA and EU Countries. Journal of Information Policy 4: 377–395.
Chaney, Paul. 2017. Comparative Analysis of State and Civil Society Discourse on the Implementation of the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child in North Africa. The Journal of North African Studies 22 (1): 6–34.
Chiniforoushan, Mohsen. 2018. Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. CIFEJ blog post, December 25. http://www.cifej.com/post/255#. Accessed 4 May 2019.
CIFEJ. 2014. General Assembly 2014 Catalogue. http://www.cifej.com/page/19/GA-2014. Accessed 4 May 2019.
Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2011. Concluding Observations on the Third and Fourth Periodic Reports of Italy. October 31, CRC/C/ITA/CO/3–4.
———. 2016. Concluding Observations on the Fifth Periodic Report of France. February 23, CRC/C/FRA/CO/5.
———. 2018a. Combined Fifth and Sixth Periodic Reports Submitted by Italy under Article 44 of the Convention. March 16, CRC/C/ITA/5–6.
———. 2018b. Combined Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Periodic Reports Submitted by Tunisia under Article 44 of the Convention. April 30, CRC/C/TUN/4–6. [Arabic, authors’ translation]
———. 2018c. First Periodic Report Submitted by the State of Palestine under Article 44 of the Convention. March 25, CRC/C/PSE/1. [Arabic, authors’ translation].
Council of Europe. 1996. Convention on the Exercise of Children’s Rights. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/168007cdaf.
———. 2007. Convention on the Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse. Lanzarote: Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/1680084822. Accessed 4 May 2019.
———. 2015a. Neighbourhood Partnership with Morocco. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/16802f7c60. Accessed 4 May 2019.
———. 2015b. Neighbourhood Partnership with Tunisia 2015–17. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016802f7c64. Accessed 6 May 2019.
———. 2017. Experience Sharing Workshops with the High Authority for Audio-Visual Communication. Press release, June 14.
Creely, Marion. 2015. Interview with Naomi Sakr, by Skype, Dublin and London, August 10.
———. 2018. Authors’ interview. Munich, May 27.
Dabbous-Sensenig, Dima. 2003. Ending the War? Lebanese Broadcasting Act of 1994. PhD diss., Sheffield Hallam University.
———. 2012. Arab Public Broadcasting: Regional Synthesis and Comparative Analysis. In Public Service Broadcasting in the MENA Region: Potential for Reform, ed. Consortium IPP-OMEC, 37–197. Paris and Barcelona: Panos Paris Institute and Mediterranean Observatory of Communication.
DLA Piper/UNICEF. 2016. Advertising & Marketing to Children: Global Report. London: DLA Piper. November.
Doyle, Gillian. 2013. Understanding Media Economics. 2nd ed. London: Sage.
EBU executive. 2018. Authors’ interview. Munich, May 29.
EPRA. 2018. Ambitious Twinning Project to Support Strategic and Technical Evolution of Young Tunisian Regulator. 18 December. https://www.epra.org/news_items/belgian-csa-and-french-ina-engage-in-a-twinning-project-for-the-benefit-of-tunisian-haica. Accessed 4 May 2019.
ERGA. 2017. Protecting Children in Audiovisual Media Services—Current and Future Measures. Brussels: European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services.
EU Neighbours. 2016. MedMedia programme: National Conference Adopts Recommendations on Regulatory Reforms in Lebanon. May 31. https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/south/stay-informed/news/medmedia-programme-national-conference-adopts-recommendations-regulatory. Accessed 4 May 2019.
Habashi, Janette. 2015. The Palestinian Path to the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Anticipation and Discussion. Global Studies of Childhood 5 (2): 122–131.
Hermans, Gert. 2005. Very Much Alive: CIFEJ Celebrated Its 50th Anniversary in Tehran, Iran. ECFA Journal 3: 4. http://www.ecfaweb.org/wp-content/uploads/journal/ECFAjournal2005_3.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2019.
CRC Declarations and Reservations—Algeria. https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&clang=_en#EndDec. Accessed 4 May 2019.
CRC Declarations and Reservations—UAE. https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV-11&chapter=4&clang=_en#EndDec. Accessed 4 May 2019.
Jordan, Amy B. 2008. Children’s Media Policy. The Future of Children 18 (1): 235–253.
Kingdon, John W. 2011. Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. 2nd ed. Glenview, IL: Longman.
Kleeman, David W. 2001. PRIX JEUNESSE as a Force for Cultural Diversity. In Handbook of Children and the Media, ed. Dorothy G. Singer and Jerome L. Singer, 521–531. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lafrance, Camille. 2019. Tunisie: La HAICA et la presse vigilantes à l’égard d’un retour de la censure. Jeune Afrique, March 22. https://www.jeuneafrique.com/751376/culture/tunisie-la-haica-et-la-presse-vigilantes-a-legard-dun-retour-de-la-censure/. Accessed 4 May 2019.
Lisosky, Joanne M. 1998. The Children’s Television Charter: Assessing the Feasibility of Global Consensus for Television Policy. In Children and Media Violence, ed. Ulla Carlsson and Cecilia von Feilitzen, 359–364. Gӧteborg: UNESCO International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen.
Livingstone, Sonia. 2018. Children: A Special Case for Privacy? InterMEDIA 46 (2): 8–23.
Livingstone, Sonia, and Monica Bulger. 2014. A Global Research Agenda for Children’s Rights in the Digital Age. Journal of Children and Media 8 (4): 317–335.
Lunt, Peter, and Sonia Livingstone. 2012. Media Regulation: Governance and the Interests of Citizens and Consumers. London: Sage.
Macenaite, Milda. 2017. From Universal Towards Child-Specific Protection of the Right to Privacy Online: Dilemmas in the EU General Data Protection Regulation. New Media & Society 19 (5): 765–779.
Massey, Doreen. 1993. Power-Geometry and a Progressive Sense of Place. In Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change, ed. Jon Bird, Barry Curtis, Tim Putnam, George Robertson, and Lisa Tickner, 59–69. London: Routledge.
MedMedia. 2018. Toward Media Sector Reform in the Southern Mediterranean Region. Brussels: EuropeAid/133722/C/SER/Multi.
Messenger Davies, Máire, and Helen Thornham. 2007. Academic Literature Review. The Future of Children’s Television Programming. London: Ofcom. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/38335/litreview.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2019.
MNRA. 2008. Declaration of the Mediterranean Network of Regulatory Authorities on Audiovisual Content Regulation. Reggio Calabria: MNRA, October 3. http://www.rirm.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Declaration-on-audioviusal-content-regulation-2008.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2019.
———. 2009. Declaration of Intent Concerning the Protection of Young Publics and the Fight Against the Violence in the Media. Granada: MNRA, October 1–2. http://www.rirm.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Declaration-concerning-the-protection-of-young-publics-2009.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2019.
———. 2017. Declaration for an Overhaul of the Audiovisual Regulation in the Digital Environment. http://www.rirm.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Declaration-for-an-overhaul-of-the-audiovisual-regulation-in-the-digital-environment-2017.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2019.
———. 2018. Textes de référence et communiqués de presse des assemblées plénières. Paris: Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel.
Ó Cathaoir, Katharina. 2017. Food Marketing to Children in Sweden and Denmark: A Missed Opportunity for Nordic Leadership. European Journal of Risk Regulation 8: 283–297.
Ofcom. 2017. Operating Licence for the BBC’s UK Public Services. London: Ofcom. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/107072/bbc-operating-licence.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2019.
OIC (Organisation of the Islamic Conference). 2005. Rabat Declaration on Child’s Issues in the Member States of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. November 8. https://www.refworld.org/docid/44eb01b84.htm. Accessed 4 May 2019.
Osei-Hwere, Enyonam. 2011. Children’s Television Policy and Content Diversity in Ghana. Journal of Children and Media 5 (1): 69–85.
Price, Monroe E. 2002. Media and Sovereignty: The Global Information Revolution and Its Challenge to State Power. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Ruiz-Casares, Monica, Tara M. Collins, E. Kay M. Tisdall, and Sonja Grover. 2017. Children’s Rights to Participation and Protection in International Development and Humanitarian Interventions: Nurturing a Dialogue. The International Journal of Human Rights 21 (1): 1–13.
Sacino, Sherry Wheatley. 2012. Article 17: Access to a Diversity of Mass Media Sources. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.
Sakr, Naomi. 2012. Public Service Initiatives in Arab Media Today. In Regaining the Initiative for Public Service Media, ed. Gregory Ferrell Lowe and Jeanette Steemers, 183–198. Gӧteborg: Nordicom.
———. 2015. Experiments in Euro-Med Collaboration in Children’s Screen Media. Aula Mediterrània 23 (December). https://www.iemed.org/dossiers/dossiers-iemed/mon-arab-i-mediterrani/aula-mediterrania-2015-2016/23-sakr.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2019.
———. 2016. Children’s Access to Beneficial Information in Arab States: Implementation of the CRC’s Article 17 in Egypt, Morocco and the United Arab Emirates. Global Studies of Childhood 6 (4): 376–387.
———. 2017a. Provision, Protection or Participation? Approaches to Regulating Children’s Television in Arab Countries. Media International Australia 163 (1): 31–41.
———. 2017b. Forces for Change in Official Arab Policies on Media and Children. In Children’s TV and Digital Media in the Arab World, ed. Naomi Sakr and Jeanette Steemers, 45–73. London: IB Tauris.
Sakr, Naomi, and Jeanette Steemers. 2016. Co-Producing Content for Pan-Arab Children’s TV. In Production Studies: The Sequel, ed. M. Banks, B. Conor, and V. Mayer, 238–250. London: Routledge.
———. 2017. Rebranding Al-Jazeera Children’s Channel: The Qatarization Factor. In Children’s TV and Digital Media in the Arab World, ed. Naomi Sakr and Jeanette Steemers, 45–73. London: IB Tauris.
Steemers, Jeanette. 2017a. Public Service Broadcasting, Children’s Television and Market Failure: The Case of the United Kingdom. International Journal of Media Management 19 (4): 298–314.
———. 2017b. Industry Engagement with Policy on Public Service Television for Children: BBC Charter Review and the Public Service Content Fund. Media Industries 4 (1): 1–16.
———. 2017c. International Perspectives on the Funding of Public Service Media Content for Children. Media International Australia 163 (1): 42–54.
Steemers, Jeanette, and Feryal Awan. 2016. Policy Solutions and International Perspectives on the Funding of Public Service Media Content for Children: A Report for Stakeholders. London: University of Westminster.
Steemers, Jeanette, and Alessandro D’Arma. 2012. Evaluating and Regulating the Role of Public Service Broadcasters in the Children’s Media Ecology: The Case of Home Grown Television Content. International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics 8 (1): 67–85.
Steemers, Jeanette, and Naomi Sakr. 2017. Children’s Screen Content in the Arab World: An Introduction. In Children’s TV and Digital Media in the Arab World, ed. Naomi Sakr and Jeanette Steemers, 1–19. London: IB Tauris.
Third, Amanda, Delphone Bellerose, and Urszula Dawkins. 2014. Children’s Rights in the Digital Age: A Download from Children Around the World. Abbotsford, BC: Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre/UNICEF.
twofour54. 2013. Your Gateway to New Media Business Opportunities. Promotional pamphlet. Abu Dhabi: twofour54.
UN (United Nations). 1989. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Van den Bulck, Hilde, and Karen Donders. 2014. Analysing European Media Policy: Stakeholders and Advocacy Coalitions. In The Palgrave Handbook of European Media Policy, ed. Karen Donders, Caroline Pauwels, and Jan Loisen, 19–35. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Verhellen, Eugen. 2015. The Convention on the Rights of the Child: Reflections from a Historical, Social Policy and Educational Perspective. In Routledge International Handbook of Children’s Rights Studies, ed. Wouter Vandenhole, Ellen Desmet, Didier Reynaert, and Sara Lembrechts, 43–59. Abingdon and New York: Routledge.
Zaid, Bouziane. 2009. Public Service Television Policy and National Development in Morocco. PhD diss., University of South Florida, USA.
———. 2018. A Normative Study of Broadcast Regulators in the Arab World. International Journal of Communication 12: 4401–4420.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sakr, N., Steemers, J. (2019). Towards Well-Being? Stimuli for Shared Practice on Policy and Regulation. In: Screen Media for Arab and European Children. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25658-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25658-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25657-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25658-6
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)