Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like substance which functions as an electron carrier within the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as well as serving as an important intracellular antioxidant. Most of the body’s CoQ10 requirements are met by endogenous synthesis, although the capacity for CoQ10 production decreases substantially with increasing age. In this article we have reviewed the potential role of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of tissue fibrosis, which has been implicated in the age-related loss of function of various organs including the heart. Clinical studies have indicated that CoQ10 supplementation may decrease the level of cardiovascular fibrosis to which older individuals are subjected, and thereby improve cardiovascular function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular associated mortality. Although the factors responsible for the anti-fibrotic action of CoQ10 have yet to be fully elucidated, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are thought to be major contributors to its clinical efficacy in the treatment of this age-related disorder.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hargreaves IP (2003) Ubiquinone: cholesterol’s reclusive cousin. Ann Clin Biochem 40(Pt3):207–218
Crane FL (2001) Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. J Am Coll Nutr 20(6):591–598
Fan L, Feng Y, Chen GC, Qin LQ, Fu CL, Chen LH (2003) Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 119:128–136
Xia L, Nordman T, Olsson JM, Damdimopoulos A, Björkhem-Bergman L, Nalvarte I et al (2003) The mammalian cytosolic selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase reduces ubiquinone. A novel mechanism for defense against oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 278(4):2141–2146
Mantle D (2015) Coenzyme Q10 and cardiovascular disease: an overview. Br J Cardiol 22(4):1–7
Navas P, Villalba JM, de Cabo R (2007) The importance of plasma membrane coenzyme Q in aging and stress responses. Mitochondrion 7(Suppl):S34–S40
Gutierrez-Marisca FM, Yubero-Serrano EM, Villalba JM, Lopez-Miranda J (2018) Coenzyme Q10: from bench to clinic in aging diseases, a translational review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 16(1):1–18
Schmelzer C, Lindner I, Rimbach G, Niklowitz P, Menke T, Döring F (2008) Functions of coenzyme Q10 in inflammation and gene expression. Biofactors 32(1–4):179–183
Yubero-Serrano EM, Gonzalez-Guardia L, Rangel-Zuñiga O, Delgado-Lista J, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Perez-Martinez P et al (2012) Mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 modifies the expression of proinflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in elderly men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 67(1):3–10
Weber C, Bysted A, Hłlmer G (1997) The coenzyme Q10 content of the average Danish diet. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 67(2):123–129
Doimo M, Desbats MA, Cerqua C, Cassina M, Trevisson E, Salviati L (2014) Genetics of coenzyme q10 deficiency. Mol Syndromol 5(3–4):156–162
Awad AM, Bradley MC, Fernández-Del-Río L, Nag A, Tsui HS, Clarke CF (2018) Coenzyme Q10 deficiencies: pathways in yeast and humans. Essays Biochem 62(3):361–376
Yubero D, Montero R, Santos-Ocaña C, Salviati L, Navas P, Artuch R et al (2018) Molecular diagnosis of coenzyme Q10 deficiency: an update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 18(6):491–498
Ogasahara S, Engel AG, Frens D, Mack D (1989) Muscle coenzyme Q deficiency in familial mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86(7):2379–2382
Emmanuele V, López LC, Berardo A, Naini A, Tadesse S, Wen B et al (2012) Heterogeneity of coenzyme Q10 deficiency: patient study and literature review. Arch Neurol 69(8):978–983
Yubero D, Montero R, Artuch R, Land JM, Heales SJ, Hargreaves IP (2014) Biochemical diagnosis of coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Mol Syndromol 5(3–4):147–155
Neergheen V, Hargreaves IP (2018) Secondary coenzyme Q10 deficiency: causes and consequence. In: Grigoryeva S (ed) Coenzyme Q10- uses, health effects and role in disease. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 89–111. ISBN-10: 1536132845
Duberley KE, Hargreaves IP, Chaiwatanasirikul KA, Heales SJ, Land JM, Rahman S et al (2013) Coenzyme Q10 quantification in muscle, fibroblasts and cerebrospinal fluid by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a novel deuterated internal standard. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 27(9):924–930
Yubero D, Montero R, Ramos M, Neergheen V, Navas P, Artuch R et al (2015) Determination of urinary coenzyme Q10 by HPLC with electrochemical detection: reference values for a paediatric population. Biofactors 41(6):424–430
Murtha LA, Schuliga MJ, Mabotuwana NS, Hardy SA, Waters DW, Burgess JK et al (2017) The processes and mechanisms of cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. Front Physiol 8:777. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00777
Biernacka A, Frangogiannis NG (2011) Aging and cardiac fibrosis. Aging Dis 2(2):158–173
Jiang S, Li T, Yang Z, Yi W, Di S, Sun Y et al (2017) AMPK orchestrates an elaborate cascade protecting tissue from fibrosis and aging. Ageing Res Rev 38:18–27
Nanthakumar CB, Hatley RJ, Lemma S, Gauldie J, Marshall RP, Macdonald SJ (2015) Dissecting fibrosis: therapeutic insights from the small molecule toolbox. Nat Rev Drug Discov 14(10):693–720
Choi HK, Pokharel YR, Lim SC, Han HK, Ryu CS, Kim SK et al (2009) Inhibition of liver fibrosis by solubilized coenzyme Q10: role of Nrf2 activation in inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta1 expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 240(3):377–384
Tarry-Adkins JL, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Hargreaves IP, Neergheen V, Aiken CE, Martin-Gronert MS et al (2016) Coenzyme Q10 prevents hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a male rat model of poor maternal nutrition and accelerated postnatal growth. Am J Clin Nutr 103(2):579–588
Chen PY, Hou CW, Shibu MA, Day CH, Pai P, Liu ZR et al (2017) Protective effect of Co-enzyme Q10 On doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy of rat hearts. Environ Toxicol 32(2):679–689
Ulla A, Mohamed MK, Sikder B, Rahman AT, Sumi FA, Hossain M et al (2017) Coenzyme Q10 prevents oxidative stress and fibrosis in isoprenaline induced cardiac remodeling in aged rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 18(1):1–12
Xue R, Wang J, Yang L, Liu X, Gao Y, Pang Y et al (2019) Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates pancreatic fibrosis via the ROS triggered mTOR signalling pathway. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2019:8039694. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8039694
Mohamed D, Khairy E, Tawfek SS, Habib EK, Fetouh MA (2019) CoQ10 attenuates lung and liver fibrosis via modulation of autophagy in methotrexate treated rat. Biomed Pharmacother 109:892–901
Gazoti Debessa CR, Mesiano Maifrino LB, Rodrigues de Souza R (2001) Age related changes in collagen network of the human heart. Mech Ageing Dev 122(10):1049–1058
Konstam MA, Kramer DG, Patel AR, Maron MS, Udelson JE (2011) Left ventricular remodelling in heart failure: current concepts in clinical significance and assessment. JACC Cardivasc Imaging 4(1):98–108
Alehagen U, Johansson P, Björnstedt M, Rosén A, Dahlström U (2013) Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. Int J Cardiol 167(5):1860–1866
Alehagen U, Aaseth J, Alexander J, Svensson E, Johansson P, Larsson A (2018) Less fibrosis in elderly subjects supplemented with selenium and CoQ10- a mechanism behind reduced cardiovascular mortality. Biofactors 44(2):137–147
Hidaka T, Fujii K, Funahashi I, Fukutomi N, Hosoe K (2008) Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Biofactors 32(1–4):199–208
Hosoe K, Kitano M, Kishida H, Kubo H, Fujii K, Kitahara M (2007) Study on safety and bioavailability of ubiquinol (Kaneka QH) after single and 4-week multiple oral administration to healthy volunteers. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 47(1):19–28
Yamaguchi N, Nakamura K, Oguma Y, Fujiwara S, Takabe M, Sono A et al (2009) Genotoxicity studies of ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10) manufactured by bacteria fermentation. J Toxicol Sci 34(4):389–397
Mantle D, Hargreaves I (2019) Coenzyme Q10 and degenerative disorders affecting longevity: an overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 8(2). pii: E44. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8020044
Stepien K, Heaton R, Rankin S, Murphy A, Bentley J, Sexton D (2017) Evidence of oxidative stress and secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and non-metabolic disorders. J Clin Med 6(7). pii: E71. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm6070071
Hecker L (2018) Mechanisms and consequences of oxidative stress in lung disease: therapeutic implications for an aging population. Am J Phys Lung Cell Mol Phys 314(4):L642–L653
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hargreaves, I.P., Mantle, D. (2019). Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Fibrosis and Aging. In: Guest, P. (eds) Reviews on Biomarker Studies in Aging and Anti-Aging Research. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1178. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25649-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25650-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)