Public Administration and Governance in the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood Countries: Comparative Approach and Relevance for the European Neighbourhood Policy Effectiveness

Onofrei, Mihaela; Oprea, Florin

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25606-7_3

Mihaela Onofrei³ &
Florin Oprea³

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Abstract

Public administration and governance play a key role in ensuring socio-economic stability, growth, and resilience at national and local level. Assuming that there is “no single best approach” of public administration and governance systems, this chapter proposes a comparative study for the EU’s Eastern neighbourhood countries, highlighting the main characteristics of their administrative systems and governance practices and thus revealing their implications for the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) effectiveness. Based on our findings, we synthetize the main lessons and best practices that could have a highly normative relevance for policymaking. The value of this chapter rests on the comparative approach and proposed recommendations, useful for both the EU’s institutions and national authorities in analysed countries in order to strengthen their partnerships, regulatory frameworks, and public policies.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Mihaela Onofrei & Florin Oprea

Authors

Mihaela Onofrei
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Florin Oprea
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Correspondence to Mihaela Onofrei .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

LAREQUOI, ISM-IAE of Versailles-St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris-Saclay University, Guyancourt, France
Gilles Rouet
Centre for Research in International Economic Relations and European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
Gabriela Carmen Pascariu

Appendices

Annex 3.1: EaP Countries Governance Indicators—Percentile^a(2009–2017)

Indicator	Country	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Government Effectiveness	Armenia	54.55	48.8	49.29	54.03	57.35	45.67	48.56	49.04	50.00
	Azerbaijan	30.62	22.97	24.17	25.12	37.91	41.83	44.71	48.08	47.12
	Belarus	10.53	11.48	13.74	19.91	20.38	34.62	37.98	36.06	39.42
	Georgia	64.11	65.07	69.19	70.14	69.67	71.63	67.31	70.67	72.12
	Moldova	36.36	29.67	31.28	33.18	41.71	38.94	28.37	29.81	34.13
	Ukraine	21.53	24.40	21.33	32.33	31.28	39.90	34.62	31.73	35.10
Regulatory Quality	Armenia	60.77	60.29	57.82	61.14	59.24	59.62	61.06	62.98	64.42
	Azerbaijan	43.06	39.23	37.91	35.55	36.49	44.23	46.15	43.75	43.27
	Belarus	12.44	12.44	10.43	13.74	14.69	15.38	14.90	16.35	24.52
	Georgia	66.51	70.81	74.41	74.41	74.41	79.33	78.85	81.73	81.73
	Moldova	49.28	49.28	51.18	49.29	49.76	54.33	51.44	50.48	54.33
	Ukraine	32.06	33.97	29.86	29.86	30.33	29.33	29.81	36.06	40.38
Control of Corruption	Armenia	29.67	26.67	28.91	33.65	36.02	36.06	35.10	32.69	32.69
	Azerbaijan	9.57	6.67	9.48	11.85	16.59	14.42	16.83	19.23	17.79
	Belarus	29.19	27.14	27.01	36.49	39.81	48.08	46.63	48.56	47.12
	Georgia	55.50	57.14	61.61	68.72	69.67	76.44	74.52	74.04	77.40
	Moldova	26.79	29.05	31.28	31.75	23.22	20.67	18.27	14.90	21.15
	Ukraine	15.79	16.19	15.64	12.80	11.37	14.90	14.90	20.67	22.12
Rule of Law	Armenia	39.81	37.44	42.25	42.72	44.60	41.35	40.87	50.48	49.52
	Azerbaijan	20.85	20.85	20.19	23.47	28.17	28.85	30.29	32.21	32.21
	Belarus	15.64	14.22	14.08	17.37	20.19	20.67	22.60	26.44	21.63
	Georgia	49.29	47.87	51.17	54.93	53.99	64.90	64.42	64.90	62.98
	Moldova	40.76	43.13	45.54	46.01	43.19	46.63	42.79	33.17	37.50
	Ukraine	27.01	25.12	23.94	26.29	23.94	23.08	22.12	24.52	25.00

^aAs percentile rank among 214 countries and territories (ranges from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest) rank)
Source: Own representation using data from the World Bank (2018)

Annex 3.2: EaP Countries Governance Indicators—Ranges^a(2009–2017)

Indicator	Country	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Government Effectiveness	Armenia	−0.03	−0.18	−0.13	−0.04	0.07	−0.20	−0.16	−0.15	−0.10
	Azerbaijan	−0.66	−0.81	−0.77	−0.78	−0.48	−0.36	−0.26	−0.16	−0.16
	Belarus	−1.13	−1.11	−1.08	−0.90	−0.90	−0.49	−0.46	−0.49	−0.35
	Georgia	0.29	0.31	0.55	0.61	0.59	0.49	0.40	0.51	0.57
	Moldova	−0.56	−0.66	−0.62	−0.57	−0.41	−0.42	−0.65	−0.61	−0.51
	Ukraine	−0.83	−0.78	−0.82	−0.58	−0.65	−0.41	−0.52	−0.57	−0.46
Regulatory Quality	Armenia	0.30	0.31	0.27	0.35	0.25	0.21	0.24	0.25	0.28
	Azerbaijan	−0.31	−0.37	−0.37	−0.46	−0.41	−0.28	−0.25	−0.28	−0.25
	Belarus	−1.12	−1.13	−1.18	−1.07	−1.07	−1.01	−0.99	−0.94	−0.74
	Georgia	0.50	0.59	0.66	0.69	0.76	0.93	0.92	1.01	1.05
	Moldova	−0.13	−0.10	−0.08	−0.10	−0.07	0.02	−0.07	−0.11	−0.04
	Ukraine	−0.57	−0.52	−0.60	−0.60	−0.62	−0.63	−0.59	−0.43	−0.32
Control of Corruption	Armenia	−0.62	−0.70	−0.66	−0.59	−0.53	−0.52	−0.53	−0.57	−0.56
	Azerbaijan	−1.19	−1.24	−1.18	−1.13	−0.97	−1.02	−0.93	−0.84	−0.88
	Belarus	−0.63	−0.69	−0.68	−0.52	−0.47	−0.30	−0.34	−0.26	−0.26
	Georgia	−0.12	0.01	0.12	0.40	0.47	0.79	0.68	0.69	0.74
	Moldova	−0.70	−0.67	−0.62	−0.61	−0.75	−0.85	−0.91	−0.95	−0.80
	Ukraine	−1.04	−1.03	−1.05	−1.08	−1.13	−0.99	−0.98	−0.81	−0.78
Rule of Law	Armenia	−0.48	−0.49	−0.44	−0.42	−0.34	−0.37	−0.39	−0.12	−0.16
	Azerbaijan	−0.88	−0.89	−0.89	−0.83	−0.72	−0.67	−0.67	−0.52	−0.56
	Belarus	−1.03	−1.07	−1.11	−0.94	−0.90	−0.84	−0.81	−0.72	−0.82
	Georgia	−0.20	−0.21	−0.12	−0.01	−0.01	0.19	0.27	0.38	0.33
	Moldova	−0.44	−0.36	−0.33	−0.32	−0.37	−0.25	−0.35	−0.49	−0.41
	Ukraine	−0.76	−0.81	−0.82	−0.78	−0.80	−0.79	−0.81	−0.77	−0.71

^aEstimate of governance (ranges from approximately −2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong) governance performance)
Source: Own representation using data from the World Bank (2018)

Annex 3.3: Fiscal Decentralization Indicators in Georgia (2004–2016, Units)

Indicator/Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Revenue decentralization (ratio of local own revenues to general government revenues)	0.25	0.22	0.14	0.16	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.11
Tax revenue decentralization (ratio of local taxes to general government taxes)	0.36	0.29	0.2	0.18	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.09
Expenditure decentralization (ratio of local own spending to general government spending)	0.29	0.3	0.21	0.19	0.19	0.18	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.2	0.19	0.21	0.19
Transfer dependency (ratio of net transfers to local own spending)	0.15	0.22	0.29	0.08	0.7	0.73	0.7	0.72	0.67	0.68	0.64	0.61	0.47

Source: Own representation using data from International Monetary Fund (2019)

Annex 3.4: Fiscal Decentralization Indicators in the Republic of Moldova (2004–2016, Units)

Indicator/Year	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016
Revenue decentralization (ratio of local own revenues to general government revenues)	0.18	0.15	0.15	0.14	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.13	0.13	0.09	0.08	0.08
Tax revenue decentralization (ratio of local taxes to general government taxes)	0.24	0.21	0.21	0.2	0.16	0.18	0.16	0.16	0.2	0.19	0.13	0.1	0.11
Expenditure decentralization (ratio of local own spending to general government spending)	0.26	0.27	0.27	0.25	0.25	0.24	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.24	0.25	0.25	0.23
Transfer dependency (ratio of net transfers to local own spending)	0.3	0.39	0.41	0.47	0.51	0.55	0.62	0.54	0.48	0.45	0.63	0.67	0.74

Source: Own representation using data from International Monetary Fund (2019)

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Onofrei, M., Oprea, F. (2019). Public Administration and Governance in the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood Countries: Comparative Approach and Relevance for the European Neighbourhood Policy Effectiveness. In: Rouet, G., Pascariu, G.C. (eds) Resilience and the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25606-7_3

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25606-7_3
Published: 22 November 2019
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