Abstract
A Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) is a system where mobile stations OBU (On-Board Units) exchange messages with other ITSS-V (Intelligent Transport System Station Vehicle) or RSU (Road Side Units). Messages are sent through a specific WIFI (IEEE 802.11p) denoted also ETSI ITS-G5. The efficiency of this technology has been proven in terms of latency. However, RSU are common everywhere and stations equipped with G5 interface are not widely deployed. For this reason we look for another mean to guarantee this communication. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is deployed on smartphones. We take advantage of this deployment to propose an architecture based on this protocol in order to build a Cooperative Intelligent Transport System. Cellular networks are widely deployed and can support these communications. We have adapted the ITS stack provided by the ETSI (designed for G5) to the BLE protocol.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). http://www.etsi.org
IEEE Draft Standard for Amendment to Standard [for] Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and Metropolitan networks-Specific requirements-Part II: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications-Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, in IEEE Std P802.11p/D11.0 April 2010, pp. 1–35, 15 June 2010
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications; Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality. ETSI EN 302 636-4-1 V1.2.1, July 2014
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 5: Transport Protocols; Sub-part 1: Basic Transport Protocol. ETSI EN 302 636-5-1 V1.2.1, August 2014
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of Applications; Part 2: Specification of Cooperative Awareness Basic Service. ETSI EN 302 637–2 vol 1.3.2, November 2014
Weia, C.: V2X communication in Europe: from research projects towards standardisation and field testing of vehicle communication technology. Comput. Netw. 55(14), 3103–3119 (2011)
Santa, J., Fernandez, P.J., Perenaguez-Garcia, F.: Deployment of vehicular networks in highways using 802.11p and IPv6 technologies. Int. JAHUC 24(1/2), 33–48 (2017)
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of Applications; Part 3: Specifications of Decentralized Environmental Notification Basic Service. ETSI EN 302 637–3 V1.2.2, November 2014
Lochert, C., Hartenstein, H., Tian, J., Fussler, H., Hermann, D., Mauve, M.: A routing strategy for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments. In: IEEE IV2003 Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. Proceedings (Cat. No. 03TH8683), pp. 156–161, June 2003
Ayaida, M., Barhoumi, M., Fouchal, H., Ghamri-Doudane, Y., Afilal, L.: PHRHLS: a movement-prediction-based joint routing and hierarchical location service for Vanets. In: IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Budapest, Hungary, pp. 1424–1428, May 2013
Ayaida, M., Barhoumi, M., Fouchal, H., Ghamri-Doudane, Y., Afilal, L.: HHLS: a hybrid routing technique for VANETs. In: Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Anaheim, pp. 44–48. IEEE, December 2012
Lu, W., Bao, Y., Sun, X., Wang, Z.: Performance evaluation of inter-vehicle communication in a unidirectional dynamic traffic flow with shockwave. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications, ICUMT 2009, 12–14 October 2009, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 1–6 (2009)
Lu, W., Han, L.D., Cherry, C.R.: Evaluation of vehicular communication networks in a car sharing system. Int. J. Intell. Transp. Syst. Res. 11(3), 113–119 (2013)
Menouar, H., Lenardi, M., Filali, F.: A movement prediction-based routing protocol for vehicle-to-vehicle communications. In V2VCOM, : 1st International Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications Workshop, co-located with MobiQuitous 2005, 21 July 2005, San Diego, USA, San Diego, USA, July 2005
Mir, Z.H., Filali, F.: LTE and IEEE 802.11p for vehicular networking: a performance evaluation. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 89 (2014)
Seet, B.-C., Liu, G., Lee, B.-S., Foh, C.-H., Wong, K.-J., Lee, K.-K.: A-STAR: a mobile Ad Hoc routing strategy for metropolis vehicular communications. In: Mitrou, N., Kontovasilis, K., Rouskas, G.N., Iliadis, I., Merakos, L. (eds.) NETWORKING 2004. LNCS, vol. 3042, pp. 989–999. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24693-0_81
Taleb, T., Ochi, M., Jamalipour, A., Kato, N., Nemoto, Y.: An efficient vehicle-heading based routing protocol for VANET networks. In: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2006, vol. 4, pp. 2199–2204. IEEE, April 2006
Zeadally, S., Hunt, R., Chen, Y.-S., Irwin, A., Hassan, A.: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS): status, results, and challenges. Telecommun. Syst. 50(4), 217–241 (2012)
Jeong, S., Baek, Y., Son, S.H.: A hybrid V2X system for safety-critical applications in VANET. In: 2016 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and Applications (CPSNA), Nagoya, pp. 13–18 (2016)
Bhover, S.U., Tugashetti, A., Rashinkar, P.: V2X communication protocol in VANET for co-operative intelligent transportation system. In: International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA), Bangalore, pp. 602–607 (2017)
Wilhelm, G., Fouchal, H., Thomas, K., Ayaida, M.: A C-ITS central station as a communication manager. In: International Conference on Innovations for Community Services 2018 (I4CS 2018), Zilina, pp. 33–43 (2018)
Acknowledgement
This work was made possible by EC Grant No. INEA/CEF/TRAN/A2014/1042281 from the INEA Agency for the SCOOP project. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Thomas, K., Fouchal, H., Cormier, S., Rousseaux, F. (2019). Intelligent Transport System Based on Bluetooth. In: Hilt, B., Berbineau, M., Vinel, A., Jonsson, M., Pirovano, A. (eds) Communication Technologies for Vehicles. Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains/Nets4Aircraft 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11461. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25529-9_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25529-9_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25528-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25529-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)