Skip to main content

Parenchymal-Sparing Surgery: What Is Behind It?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

Abstract

Approximately 50% of patients with colorectal cancer ultimately develop liver metastases. Treatment strategy for colorectal liver metastases has evolved during the last two decades with increase in the use of liver resection and advancements in medical therapy. As hepatectomy is considered the cornerstone of treatment for patients with colorectal liver metastases, the use of parenchymal-sparing hepatectomy has played an increasingly important role in expanding the patient population eligible for surgery. A number of studies have demonstrated the oncologic and technical benefits of parenchymal-sparing surgery in comparison with major hepatectomy. This chapter reviews the rationale and indications for a parenchymal-sparing approach, and the functional and oncologic benefits and techniques particularly applicable to this approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Berri R, Abdalla E. Curable metastatic colorectal cancer: recommended paradigms. Curr Oncol Rep. 2009;11(3):200–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Rahbari N, Garden O, Padbury R, Brooke-Smith M, Crawford M, Adam R, Koch M, Makuuchi M, Dematteo R, Christophi C, Banting S, Usatoff V, Nagino M, Maddern G, Hugh T, Vauthey J, Greig P, Rees M, Yokoyama Y, Fan S, Nimura Y, Figueras J, Capussotti L, Büchler M, Weitz J. Posthepatectomy liver failure: a definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS). Surgery. 2011;149(5):713–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Heymsfield SB. Accurate measurement of liver, kidney, and spleen volume and mass by computerized axial tomography. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90(2):185–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Simpson A, Geller D, Hemming A, Jarnagin W, Clements L, D’Angelica M, Dumpuri P, Gönen M, Zendejas I, Miga M, Stefansic J. Liver planning software accurately predicts postoperative liver volume and measures early regeneration. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;219(2):199–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mise Y, Hasegawa K, Satou S, Aoki T, Beck Y, Sugawara Y, Makuuchi M, Kokudo N. Venous reconstruction based on virtual liver resection to avoid congestion in the liver remnant. Br J Surg. 2011;98(12):1742–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jarnagin W, Gonen M, Fong Y, DeMatteo R, Ben-Porat L, Little S, Corvera C, Weber S, Blumgart L. Improvement in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 2002;236(4):397–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Blumgart L, Belghiti J. Surgery of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2017. p. 1065–72.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Vauthey J, Pawlik T, Ribero D, Wu T, Zorzi D, Hoff P, Xiong H, Eng C, Lauwers G, Mino-Kenudson M, Risio M, Muratore A, Capussotti L, Curley S, Abdalla E. Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(13):2065–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kooby D. Impact of steatosis on perioperative outcome following hepatic resection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003;7(8):1034–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Blumgart L, Belghiti J. Surgery of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2017. p. 60–5.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kubota K. Measurement of liver volume and hepatic functional reserve as a guide to decision-making in resectional surgery for hepatic tumors. Hepatology. 1997;26(5):1176–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Blumgart L, Belghiti J. Surgery of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2017. p. 1653–63.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fisher S, Kneuertz P, Dodson R, Patel S, Maithel S, Sarmiento J, Russell M, Cardona K, Choti M, Staley C, Pawlik T, Kooby D. A comparison of right posterior sectorectomy with formal right hepatectomy: a dual-institution study. HPB. 2013;15(10):753–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gold J, Are C, Kornprat P, Jarnagin W, Gönen M, Fong Y, DeMatteo R, Blumgart L, DʼAngelica M. Increased use of parenchymal-sparing surgery for bilateral liver metastases from colorectal cancer is associated with improved mortality without change in oncologic outcome. Ann Surg. 2008;247(1):109–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Torzilli G, Donadon M, Marconi M, Botea F, Palmisano A, Del Fabbro D, Procopio F, Montorsi M. Systematic extended right posterior sectionectomy. Ann Surg. 2008;247(4):603–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ferrero A, Vigan L, Lo Tesoriere R, Russolillo N, Sgotto E, Capussotti L. Bisegmentectomies as alternative to right hepatectomy in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Hepatogastroenterology. 2009;56:1429–35.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Yamamoto J, Sugihara K, Kosuge T, Takayama T, Shimada K, Yamasaki S, Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Pathologic support for limited hepatectomy in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 1995;221(1):74–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mise Y, Aloia T, Brudvik K, Schwarz L, Vauthey J, Conrad C. Parenchymal-sparing hepatectomy in colorectal liver metastasis improves salvageability and survival. Ann Surg. 2016;263(1):146–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Matsumura M, Mise Y, Saiura A, Inoue Y, Ishizawa T, Ichida H, Matsuki R, Tanaka M, Takeda Y, Takahashi Y. Parenchymal-sparing hepatectomy does not increase intrahepatic recurrence in patients with advanced colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23:3718–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Matsuki R, Mise Y, Saiura A, Inoue Y, Ishizawa T, Takahashi Y. Parenchymal-sparing hepatectomy for deep-placed colorectal liver metastases. Surgery. 2016;160:1256–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zorzi D, Mullen JT, Abdalla EK. Comparison between hepatic wedge resection and anatomic resection for colorectal liver metastases. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006;10(1):86–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kokudo N, Tada K, Seki M, Ohta H, Azekura K, Ueno M, Matsubara T, Takahashi T, Nakajima T, Muto T. Anatomical major resection versus nonanatomical limited resection for liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Am J Surg. 2001;181:153–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lalmahomed ZS, Ayez N, Van Der Pool AEM, Verheij J, Ijzermans JNM, Verhoef C. Anatomical versus nonanatomical resection of colorectal liver metastases: is there a difference in surgical and oncological outcome? World J Surg. 2010;35:656–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Finch RJ, Malik HZ, Hamady ZZ. Effect of type of resection on outcome of hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Br J Surg. 2007;94(10):1242–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Stewart G, Osúilleabháin C, Madhavan K, Wigmore S, Parks R, Garden O. The extent of resection influences outcome following hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2004;30:370–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Dematteo R. Anatomic segmental hepatic resection is superior to wedge resection as an oncologic operation for colorectal liver metastases. J Gastrointest Surg. 2000;4:178–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Pawlik TM, Scoggins CR, Zorzi D, et al. Effect of surgical margin status on survival and site of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg. 2005;241:715–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hamady ZZR, Lodge JPA, Welsh FK, Toogood GJ, White A, John T, Rees M. One-millimeter cancer-free margin is curative for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2014;259:543–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Moris D, Ronnekleiv-Kelly S, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Felekouras E, Dillhoff M, Schmidt C, Pawlik TM. Parenchymal-sparing versus anatomic liver resection for colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review. J Gastrointest Surg. 2017;21:1076–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Tanaka K, Shimada H, Matsumoto C, Matsuo K, Takeda K, Nagano Y, Togo S. Impact of the degree of liver resection on survival for patients with multiple liver metastases from colorectal cancer. World J Surg. 2008;32:2057–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lopez P, Marzano E, Piardi T, Pessaux P. Repeat hepatectomy for liver metastases from colorectal primary cancer: a review of the literature. J Visc Surg. 2012;149:e97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Jong MCD, Pulitano C, Ferrero A, Strub J, Choti MA, Schulick RD, Mentha G, Capussotti L, Pawlik TM. 807 repeat curative intent liver surgery is safe and effective for recurrent colorectal liver metastases: results from an international multi-institutional analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009;13:2141–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Rifkin MD, Rosato FE, Branch HM, Foster J, Yang S-L, Barbot DJ, Marks GJ. An important adjunctive tool for decision making in the operating room. Ann Surg. 1987;205:466–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Paniccia A, Schullick RD. Diagnostic operation of the liver and techniques of hepatic resection. In: Yeo CJ, editor. Shackelford’s surgery of the alimentary tract. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc. p. 1456–71.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Torzilli G, Palmisano A, Procopio F, Cimino M, Botea F, Donadon M, Fabbro DD, Montorsi M. A new systematic small for size resection for liver tumors invading the middle hepatic vein at its caval confluence. Ann Surg. 2010;251:33–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Blumgart L, Belghiti J. Surgery of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2017. p. 1631–43.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gagner M, Rheault M, Dubuc J. Laparoscopic partial hepatectomy for liver tumor. Surg Endosc. 1992;6:99.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Buell JF, Cherqui D, Geller DA. The international position on laparoscopic liver surgery: the Louisville statement. Ann Surg. 2009;250:825–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Jaskille A, Schechner A, Park K, Williams M, Wang D, Sava J. Abdominal insufflation decreases blood loss and mortality after porcine liver injury. J Trauma. 2005;59:1305–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Tranchart H, Giuro GD, Lainas P, Pourcher G, Devaquet N, Perlemuter G, Franco D, Dagher I. Laparoscopic liver resection with selective prior vascular control. Am J Surg. 2013;205:8–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Dagher I, Oʼrourke N, Geller DA, et al. Laparoscopic major hepatectomy. Ann Surg. 2009;250:856–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shishir K. Maithel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gamboa, A.C., Maithel, S.K. (2020). Parenchymal-Sparing Surgery: What Is Behind It?. In: Correia, M., Choti, M., Rocha, F., Wakabayashi, G. (eds) Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25486-5_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25486-5_32

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25485-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25486-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics