Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection mostly encountered in Africa. In its acute form, it severely affects domestic and wild ruminants, dromedaries, and humans. It is considered as an emerging disease, with increased frequency in several regions, and a spread potential to many areas under the influence of two main drivers: environmental (including climatic) changes and animal mobility (livestock trade, transhumance). In this chapter, we discuss the peculiarities of RVF epidemiology in Sahelian Africa and we show how the joint influence of these two drivers may trigger RVF epidemics.
The public health impact of RVF can be severe, with tens of thousands of human cases and hundreds of fatalities recorded during large epidemics. Beyond its direct, negative effects on public and animal health, RVF has large economic consequences related to bans on livestock importation from infected countries. Solutions are available to improve surveillance and control of RVF in Sahelian Africa according to well-defined, risk-based strategies. The implementation of coordinated actions between Public Health and Animal Health authorities would represent an important advance in the One Health joint approach of RVF for better prevention, early detection, and reaction.
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- 1.
According to the FAO (2011b), One Health represents a holistic vision to address complex challenges that threaten human and animal health, food security, poverty, and the environments where diseases flourish. These problems threaten global health and economic well-being, including international trade. Many of the dangers stem from diseases circulating in animals, transmitted by food or carried by vectors.
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This work was partially funded by INRA grant Meta-programme GISA AMI 2017, and EU grant FP7-613996 VMERGE and is cataloged by the VMERGE Steering Committee as VMERGE000 (http://www.vmerge.eu). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission.
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Lancelot, R. et al. (2019). Rift Valley Fever: One Health at Play?. In: Kardjadj, M., Diallo, A., Lancelot, R. (eds) Transboundary Animal Diseases in Sahelian Africa and Connected Regions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25385-1_8
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