Abstract
This fourth chapter makes plain that collective participation was not lost when rap music transitioned from live performances to recorded music. Rap’s seminal years exerted a significant influence over rap lyricism, especially in terms of its focus on call-and-response strategies and its emphasis on collective participation. The performance philosophy of the early days, in which the individual and group are affirmed simultaneously, survived the transition through the emphasis on call-and-response-based practices. Rap lyricism prolonged the “live” characteristic of pre-1979 performances through a prevailing conversional tone involving an interactive, interdependent, spontaneous process for achieving a sense of unity in which listeners have a sense of inclusiveness.
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Diallo, D. (2019). “Keeping It Real Live!” Maintaining Collective Participation on Records.
In: Collective Participation and Audience Engagement in Rap Music. Pop Music, Culture and Identity. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25377-6_4
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