Combining Microalgae-Based Wastewater Treatment with Biofuel and Bio-Based Production in the Frame of a Biorefinery

Ferreira, Alice; Reis, Alberto; Vidovic, Senka; Vladic, Jelena; Gkelis, Spyros; Melkonyan, Lusine; Avetisova, Gayane; Congestri, Roberta; Acién, Gabriel; Muñoz, Raul; Collet, Pierre; Gouveia, Luisa

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25233-5_9

Alice Ferreira⁴,
Alberto Reis⁴,
Senka Vidovic⁵,
Jelena Vladic⁵,
Spyros Gkelis⁶,
Lusine Melkonyan⁷,
Gayane Avetisova⁷,
Roberta Congestri⁸,
Gabriel Acién⁹,
Raul Muñoz¹⁰,
Pierre Collet¹¹ &
…
Luisa Gouveia⁴

Part of the book series: Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology ((GCBB))

1566 Accesses
14 Citations

Abstract

Conventional wastewater treatment (WWT) is currently based on the action of heterotrophic and nitrifying bacteria supported by mechanical aeration in a sequence of interconnected aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic processes. It provided satisfactory levels of pollutant removal, but at the expenses of high-energy consumption and environmental impacts (high CO₂ footprint, nutrient losses, and secondary pollution due to the use of chemicals).

Algal-bacterial systems constitute a sustainable and cost-effective alternative WWT based in solar-driven oxygenation (mediated by photosynthesis), enhanced nutrient assimilation into the biomass (resulting from combined auto-, mixo-, and heterotrophic growth), and efficient pathogen removal (due to high pH and O₂ concentrations). Moreover, microalgae-based WWT can be combined with flue gas treatment since microalgae are able to bioconvert CO₂ into biomass that can be transformed efficiently into biofuels, biofertilizers, and bioplastics or allow the recovery of high-value products using subcritical water extraction.

Many industries generate huge amounts of wastewater in their processes (e.g., urban, aquaculture, poultry, cattle, swine, dairy, brewery, tobacco, etc.) with high loads of organics and nutrients that need to be removed before they can be discharged safely into the environment.

The whole process can be envisaged as a microalgae-based biorefinery, which is crucial for the full use and commercialization of microalgae in various areas, allowing the incorporation of a large range of products and associated industries, which brings enormous benefits for bioeconomy and emerging societies.

This chapter provides the view and results from the authors concerning the treatment of several WWs, the characterization of the produced microalgae biomass, the biochemical and thermochemical conversion of the biomass, as well as the extraction of compounds toward different biofuels and bio-based products. The importance of these coupling processes into a biorefinery and bioeconomy frames will be validated by a literature review of life cycle assessment to highlight the added value from an environmental perspective.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge the following European projects: COST Action 1408-EUALGAE-European network for algal-bio-products, ERANETLAC/0001/2014 (ELAC2014/BEE0357) GREENBIOREFINERY-Processing of brewery wastes with microalgae for producing valuable compounds. The GREENBIOREFINERY project is implemented in the framework of ERANet-LAC, a Network of the European Union (EU), Latin America and the Caribbean Countries (CELAC) co-funded by the European Commission within the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technology Development (FP7). Support is provided by the following national funding organizations: MINCYT, Argentina; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; FCT, Portugal; and ISCIII, Spain; SABANA—Sustainable integrated Algae Biorefinery for the production of bioactive compounds for Agriculture and Aquaculture Grant Agreement No. 727874. PHOENIX—People for the European Bio-Energy Mix project (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015) and special thanks to his Portuguese Coordinator Dr. Luis Duarte (LNEG); ALGAVALOR - Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234, supported by Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE2020), by Lisbon Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa 2020) and by Algarve Regional Operational Programme (Algarve 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The financial support from the Regional Government of Castilla y León and the EU-FEDER programme (CLU 2017-09 and UIC 71) are gratefully acknowledged.

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LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy Unit, Lisbon, Portugal
Alice Ferreira, Alberto Reis & Luisa Gouveia
Faculty of Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Senka Vidovic & Jelena Vladic
Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Spyros Gkelis
SPC “Armbiotechnology” NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
Lusine Melkonyan & Gayane Avetisova
Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy
Roberta Congestri
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
Gabriel Acién
Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
Raul Muñoz
IFP Energies nouvelles, Rueil-Malmaison, France
Pierre Collet

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Ferreira, A. et al. (2019). Combining Microalgae-Based Wastewater Treatment with Biofuel and Bio-Based Production in the Frame of a Biorefinery. In: Hallmann, A., Rampelotto, P. (eds) Grand Challenges in Algae Biotechnology. Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25233-5_9

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25233-5_9
Published: 03 January 2020
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25232-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25233-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

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