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Grand Challenges in Algae Biotechnology pp 429–469Cite as

Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae and Their Potential Applications as Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals

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Part of the book series: Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology ((GCBB))

Abstract

Microalgae produce a wide array of bioactive compounds with potential applications such as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals that are yet to be fully explored. Metabolites from microalgae are known to have various bioactivities including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities as well as beneficial effects against metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals derived from microalgae is attractive as the photosynthetic organisms can be grown on a large scale under controlled environment. Furthermore, the production platform can be integrated with other applications, especially biofuel production, to improve economic competitiveness based on a biorefinery concept. Microalgae that have been successfully cultured on a large scale for commercial production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals include Spirulina (Arthrospira), Dunaliella, Chlorella and Haematococcus. While various bioactive compounds have been discovered from microalgae, most studies on those compounds are still at the preclinical stage, confined to laboratory experiments. Overall, only very few microalgal products have been successfully brought to the market. This chapter aims to give an overview of the wide range of potential pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals from microalgae and current status of the production of such compounds as well as to highlight the future directions of research in this field.

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Acknowledgements

The first author would like to acknowledge the funding and support from the International Medical University for algal biotechnology research. Phang S.M. would like to acknowledge the following grants: UM Algae (GA003-2012); MOHE-HiCoE Grant Phase 2 (2019-2021); UM Grand Challenge-SBS No.GC002B-15SBS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wan-Loy Chu

  2. Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Siew-Moi Phang

  3. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Siew-Moi Phang

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Correspondence to Wan-Loy Chu .

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  1. Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany

    Armin Hallmann

  2. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Pabulo H. Rampelotto

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Chu, WL., Phang, SM. (2019). Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae and Their Potential Applications as Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals. In: Hallmann, A., Rampelotto, P. (eds) Grand Challenges in Algae Biotechnology. Grand Challenges in Biology and Biotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25233-5_12

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