Abstract
This subsector includes the following industries according to ISIC Rev. 4:
-
05—Mining of coal and lignite
-
06—Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas
-
07—Mining of metal ores
-
08—Other mining and quarrying
-
09—Mining support service activities
-
49—Transport via pipelines (we will include this service activity, which is part of the production process of many energy companies, in the subchapter)
-
50—Water transportation of energy-related substances by tankers (as with pipeline transportation, we will include tanker transportation in this subchapter)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Our informed appraisal of the influence of each audience on a typical organization within the subsector (100% = combined influence of all audiences)
- 2.
Ervand Abrahamian, The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern US-Iranian Relations, New Press, New York, 2013
- 3.
Alexey Vasilyev, History of Saudi Arabia, 1745–1973, Trud Publishing House, Moscow, 1999, p.363
- 4.
Alexey Vasilyev, History of Saudi Arabia, 1745–1973, Trud Publishing House, Moscow, 1999, p.378
- 5.
Interview with Ali Al-Naimi, Saudi Arabian Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources and former CEO of Saudi Aramco, from documentary “60 Minutes: Season 41, Episode 11: The Oil Kingdom”, CBS television network, December 7, 2008
- 6.
Energy Security: Evaluating US Vulnerability to Oil Supply Disruptions and Options for Mitigating Their Effects, US Government Accountability Office, December 12, 1996, p.20, http://www.gao.gov/archive/1997/rc97006.pdf
- 7.
Alexey Vasilyev, History of Saudi Arabia, 1745–1973, Trud Publishing House, Moscow, 1999, p.383
- 8.
Alexey Vasilyev, History of Saudi Arabia, 1745–1973, Trud Publishing House, Moscow, 1999, p.455
- 9.
Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the US, Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2011, pp.90, 110
- 10.
Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the US, Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2011, p.131
- 11.
Mahmoud A. El-Gamal, Amy Myers Jaffe, Oil, Dollars, Debt, and Crises: The Global Curse of Black Gold, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p.7
- 12.
Peter Maass, Crude World: The Violent Twilight of Oil, Random House LLC, New York, 2009, p. 169
- 13.
Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the US, Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2011, pp.123, 149
- 14.
Andrew Scott Cooper, The Oil Kings: How the US, Iran, and Saudi Arabia Changed the Balance of Power in the Middle East, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2011, p.10
- 15.
Antoine Ayoub, Oil: Economics and Politics, Energy Studies Review, vol. 6, no 1, Ontario, 1994, p. 52
- 16.
Gal Luft, Anne Korin, Energy Security Challenges for the twenty-first Century: A Reference Handbook, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2009, p.83
- 17.
Peter Voser, End of the oil boom? Notenshtein Dialogue, St Gallen, December 2013, p.2
- 18.
CNOOC Withdraws Unocal Bid, Xinhua News Agency August 3, 2005
- 19.
David Barboza, Andrew Ross Sorkin, Chinese Oil Company Offers $18.5 Billion for Unocal, The New York Times, June 22, 2005
- 20.
Gennady Shmal, Energy heart of Russia. 60 years of West-Siberian oil and gas province, Drilling and Oil Magazine, Moscow, November 2013
- 21.
Craig Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2004, p.97
- 22.
Peter Schweizer, Victory: The Reagan Administration’s Secret Strategy that Hastened the Collapse of the Soviet Union, Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, 1994, p. 27–31
- 23.
Stepan Sulakshin et al., Strategies of Russia in historical and global perspectives. Directmedia, Moscow, 2009, p. 88
- 24.
Oil: Crude oil prices 1861–2009, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010, June 2010
- 25.
Craig Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2004, p. 117
- 26.
US Natural Gas Wellhead Price (1922–2013), US Energy Information Administration, April 2014
- 27.
During our calculations we use following conversion rates of natural gas from American metrics into European one: one million British Thermal Units (MMbtu) = 1000 cubic foots (Mcf), 35,000 cubic foots (Mcf) = 1000 cubic meters (m3) of natural gas. We use factor 35 for conversation price of 1MMbtu into 1000 m3
- 28.
The Future of Natural Gas, Appendix 2D: Shale Gas Economic Sensitivities, MIT Energy Initiative, 2011, p.2
- 29.
First 5 years of “shale gas revolution”. What we now know for sure? Centre for Global Energy Markets of Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, November 2012, pp.25–26, 32
- 30.
Euan Mearns, What is the real cost of shale gas? Energy Matters, November 28, 2013
- 31.
Ivan Sandrea, US shale gas and tight oil industry performance: challenges and opportunities, The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, March 21, 2014, p. 4
- 32.
Mikhail Korchemkin, East European Gas Analysis, September 11, 2014, http://www.eegas.com/rep2014q1-cost_e.htm
- 33.
Mapping militant organisations, Stanford University, August 18, 2015 (http://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/21, retrieved 25 July 2018)
- 34.
Dobbs, M. (2015). U.S. Had Key Role in Iraq Buildup. Washington Post. Retrieved 25 July 2018, http://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/12/30/us-had-key-role-in-iraq-buildup/133cec74-3816-4652-9bd8-7d118699d6f8
- 35.
Craig Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2004, p.66
- 36.
Fatemeh Mohammadi, 20 things the U.S. did to help Saddam against Iran, Nov 4, 2015, http://english.khamenei.ir/news/2168/20-things-the-U-S-did-to-help-Saddam-against-Iran, retrieved 25 July 2018
- 37.
Nowruz Oil Field, Emergency Response Division, Office of Response and Restoration, US National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, https://incidentnews.noaa.gov/incident/6262
- 38.
Petroleum Chronology Of Events 1970–2000, US Energy Information Administration, May 2002
- 39.
Craig Unger, House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World’s Two Most Powerful Dynasties, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2004, p.144
- 40.
Iraq oil exports hit 16-month low despite higher production, AFP, August 8, 2013
- 41.
Gal Luft, Anne Korin, Energy Security Challenges for the twenty-first Century: A Reference Handbook, ABC-CLIO, 2009, p. 21
- 42.
Al Qaeda’s North African wing says it backs Libya uprising, CNN Wire Staff, February 24, 2011
- 43.
Libya is a major energy exporter, especially to Europe, US Energy Information Administration, March 21, 2011
- 44.
Libyan crude oil production levels influence international crude oil markets, US Energy Information Administration, November 26, 2013
- 45.
Matthew Philips, Libya’s Oil Industry Is in Trouble, Bloomberg Businessweek, August 14, 2013
- 46.
Ali Shuaib, Marie-Louise Gumuchian, Libya stops gas exports to Italy after militia fight, Reuters, March 3, 2013
- 47.
Libyan Berbers shut gas pipeline to Italy, cut major income source, Reuters, November 11, 2013
- 48.
One year on from In Amenas attack, The Economist Intelligence Unit, January 14th 2014
- 49.
Nikolay Pakhomov, Oil and gas: energy becomes a political football, The Telegraph, April 29, 2014
- 50.
Press release of OJSC OC Rosneft: Drilling in the Kara Sea Started, FT Company Announcement, August 11, 2014; Putin gave a start drilling in the project of Rosneft and ExxonMobil, RIA Novosti, August 9, 2014
- 51.
Jack Farchy, Ed Crook, Rosneft and ExxonMobil strike oil in Arctic well, The Financial Times, September 27, 2014
- 52.
Alan Katz, Joe Carroll, Mikael Holter and Stephen Bierman Exxon Said to Halt Arctic Oil Well Drilling on Sanctions, Bloomberg, September 19, 2014
- 53.
Jack Farchy, Ed Crook, Rosneft and ExxonMobil strike oil in Arctic well, The Financial Times, September 27, 2014
- 54.
Russia’s Yamal LNG to get 150 bln rbls from state in Q1 – report, Reuters, December 18, 2014
- 55.
W.-X. Zhou, D. Sornette, Is There a Real-Estate Bubble in the US?, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2006, 361, pp.297–308
- 56.
Markus K. Brunnermeier, Deciphering the Liquidity and Credit Crunch 2007–2008, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(1), 2009, pp.77–100
- 57.
Justin Yifu Lin, Policy Responses to the Global Economic Crisis, Development Outreach, World Bank Institute, Volume 11, Issue 3, December 2009, pp.29–33
- 58.
Historical Budget Data—August 2013, Revenues, Outlays, Deficits, Surpluses, and Debt Held by the Public since 1973, Congressional Budget Office, August 12, 2013
- 59.
The Daily History of the Debt Results: historical returns from 07/16/2007 through 12/31/2009, US Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service
- 60.
The Annual Energy Outlook 2014, US Energy Information Administration, May 2014, p.ES-2
- 61.
Peg Mackey, US to overtake Saudi as top oil producer: IEA, Reuters, November 12, 2012
- 62.
US Net Imports by Country (1993–2014), US Energy Information Administration, November 2014
- 63.
Gaurav Sharma, Saudis Vs Oil Markets: Who’s Playing Whom?, Forbes, October, 24, 2014
- 64.
Will Kennedy and Jillian Ward, OPEC Policy Ensures US Shale Crash, Russian Tycoon Says, Bloomberg, November 27, 2014
- 65.
US Shale Oil Output Growth May Stall at $60 a Barrel, Oil may fall to $50, EIA Says, Bloomberg, November 18, 2014
- 66.
Saudi Arabia to keep politics out of OPEC, will let market stabilize price, RT, November 26, 2014
- 67.
Anjli Raval, Prices, not Opec, to balance oil supply, FT, November 28, 2014
- 68.
Factbox - OPEC oil ministers position ahead of Thursday meeting, Reuters, November 26, 2014
- 69.
Andrews R., Oil Wars: Why OPEC Will Win, Oil Price. December 11, 2014, http://oilprice.com/Energy/Oil-Prices/Oil-Wars-Why-OPEC-Will-Win.html
- 70.
Saudi Arabia to keep politics out of OPEC, will let market stabilize price, RT, November 26, 2014
- 71.
Anjli Raval, Prices, not Opec, to balance oil supply, FT, November 28, 2014
- 72.
Factbox - OPEC oil ministers positions ahead of Thursday meeting, Reuters, November 26, 2014
- 73.
SAUDI OIL MINISTER: I Don’t Care If Prices Crash To $20 — We’re Not Budging, Reuters, December 22, 2014
- 74.
Saudi oil chief says price drop not a conspiracy, Associated Press, December 21, 2014
- 75.
Rania El Gamal, Maha El Dahan, Writing by William Maclean, UPDATE 1-Saudi’s Naimi: Non-OPEC, speculators led to oil price slide, Reuters, December 21, 2014
- 76.
Rania El Gamal and Maha El Dahan, Saudi Arabia says won’t cut oil output, Reuters, December 21, 2014
- 77.
Former Saudi oil boss says it can cope with low price, BBC, January 19, 2015
- 78.
Matt Egan, Saudi Arabia: Don’t blame us for oil’s big plunge, CNN, March 4, 2015
- 79.
Saudi Arabia to keep politics out of OPEC, will let market stabilize price, RT, November 26, 2014
- 80.
SAUDI OIL MINISTER: I Don’t Care If Prices Crash To $20 — We’re Not Budging, Reuters, December 22, 2014
- 81.
Bahrain to Use MEOS Conference as Platform for Sustainable Energy, Egypt Oil & Gas, March 9, 2015, http://www.egyptoil-gas.com/news/bahrain-to-use-meos-conference-as-platform-for-sustainable-energy/
- 82.
Benoit Faucon, OPEC Chief Says Cartel Is Hurting US Shale Producers, The Wall Street Journal, March 8, 2015
- 83.
US Energy Information Administration, 2016
- 84.
Baker Hughes, 2016
- 85.
US Energy Information Administration, 2016
- 86.
Why Natural Gas Clean, America’s Natural Gas Alliance: Clean & Efficient, http://anga.us/issues-and-policy/power-generation/clean-and-efficient#.U4NTklPPmVE
- 87.
Eli Kintisch, Plugging methane leaks in the urban maze could be key to making shale gas climate-friendly, Science, Vol 344, Issue 6191, June 27, 2014, p.1472
- 88.
Energy Vision 2013. Energy transitions: Past and Future Industry Vision, The Committee of World Economic Forum in partnership with IHS CERA, January 2013, p.17
- 89.
Short-Term Energy Outlook, US Energy Information Administration, February 2017
- 90.
Valerie Volcovici, US coal industry braces for EPA emissions crackdown, Reuters, September 12, 2013
- 91.
Energy Darwinism II, Why a Low Carbon Future Doesn’t Have to Cost the Earth, Citi, August 2015, p.82, https://ir.citi.com/hsq32Jl1m4aIzicMqH8sBkPnbsqfnwy4Jgb1J2kIPYWIw5eM8yD3FY9VbGpK %2Baax
- 92.
Jerome Marin, L’Europe veut financer 1.000 milliards d’euros de projets verts en dix ans, La Tribune, September 30, 2019
- 93.
Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord, The White House, June 01, 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/06/01/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord
- 94.
Benjamin Franta, Trump pulled out the oil industry playbook and players for Paris, The Guardian, July 26, 2017
- 95.
A. Helmstetter, D. Sornette, J.-R. Grasso, J. V. Andersen, S. Gluzman, V. Pisarenko, Slider-Block Friction Model for Landslides: Application to Vaiont and La Clapiere Landslides, Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, 2004
- 96.
D. Sornette, A. Helmstetter, J.V. Andersen, S. Gluzman, J.-R. Grasso, V.F. Pisarenko, Towards Landslide Predictions: Two Case Studies, Physica A, 338, 2004, pp.605–632
- 97.
Kris Pankow, Jeff Moore, Mine Landslide Triggered Quakes, University of Utah Seismograph Stations, 2014
- 98.
D. Sornette, A. Helmstetter, J.V. Andersen, S. Gluzman, J.-R. Grasso, V.F. Pisarenko, Towards Landslide Predictions: Two Case Studies, Physica A, 338, 2004, pp.605–632
- 99.
Bradley Olson, Margaret Cronin Fisk, Worst Case’ BP Ruling to Force Billions More in Payout, Bloomberg, September 4, 2014
- 100.
Steve Hargreaves, BP’s $70 billion whipping, CNN Money, June 2, 2010
- 101.
PEMEX LPG Terminal, Mexico City, Mexico. 19th November 1984, UK Health and Safety Executive, http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/casepemex84.htm
- 102.
Arturson G., The tragedy of San Juanico--the most severe LPG disaster in history, Burns, Including Thermal Injury, 1987, 13(2) pp. 87–102
- 103.
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Questions and Answers, http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/facts/qanda.cfm
- 104.
Final Report “SPILL: The wreck of the Exxon Valdez”, Alaska Oil Spill Commission, State of Alaska, February 1990, p.13
- 105.
Final Report “SPILL: The wreck of the Exxon Valdez”, Alaska Oil Spill Commission, State of Alaska, February 1990, p.11
- 106.
Minutes of session of the Supreme Court of the USSR under the chairmanship of Judge V.I. Cherkasov, December 26, 1991, pp. 8–11
- 107.
The torch of death, 18 years ago there was an accident in Bashkortostan, which world did not face before, MediaKorSet (Ufa), June 3, 2007
- 108.
Alexey Skripov, Asha explosion. Why the largest in the history of the country’s rail disaster occurred, Rossiyskaya Gazeta - Week – Ural, June 11, 2009
- 109.
WA faces $6.7b gas bill, Sydney Morning Herald, July 10, 2008
- 110.
Thomas Rid, Cyber War Will Not Take Place, US Army War College, October 5, 2011,
- 111.
The World’s Most Polluted Places, The Blacksmith Institute, 2006–2013
- 112.
Bruce E. Johansen, The High Cost of Uranium in Navajoland, Akwesasne Notes New Series, 1997, Volume 2, pp. 10–12
- 113.
W. L. Graf, Fluvial Dynamics of Thorium-230 in the Church Rock Event, Puerco River, New Mexico, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1990, 80, p. 327
- 114.
J.I. Dibua, Citizenship and resource control in Nigeria: the case of minority communities in the Niger Delta, Afrika Spectrum, 1(40), 2005, pp. 5–28
- 115.
Marino Busdachi, Environmental Situation of Ogoni, Climate Change, Bioenergy and Food Security: Challenges for the New Millennium, June 2008
- 116.
National Energy Policy, Report of the National Energy Policy Development Group, May 2001, pp.5–6
- 117.
Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer, US Department of Energy, April 2009, p.61
- 118.
Glenn Miller, Review of the Revised Draft Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement on the Oil, Gas and Solution Mining Regulatory Program, Toxicity and Exposure to Substances in Fracturing Fluids and in the Waste water Associated with the Hydrocarbon Bearing Shale, Consulting Environmental Toxicologist to the Natural Resources Defense Council December 29, 2009
- 119.
Glenn Miller, Review of the Revised Draft Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement on the Oil, Gas and Solution Mining Regulatory Program Well Permit Issuance for Horizontal Drilling and High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing to Develop the Marcellus Shale and Other Low-Permeability Gas Reservoirs, Prepared for Natural Resources Defense Council, January 6, 2012
- 120.
Madelon Finkel, Jake Hays, and Adam Law. The Shale Gas Boom and the Need for Rational Policy. American Journal of Public Health: July 2013, Vol. 103, No. 7, pp. 1161–1163
- 121.
Theo Colborna, Carol Kwiatkowskia, Kim Schultza, Mary Bachran, Natural gas operations from a public health perspective. Human & Ecological Risk Assessment, 2011, 17, pp. 1039–1056
- 122.
Roxana Witter, Lisa McKenzie, Meredith Towle, Kaylan Stinson, Kenneth Scott, Lee Newman, John Adgate, Health Impact Assessment for Battlement Mesa, Garfield County Colorado, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, September 2010
- 123.
Carol Linnitt, Report “Fracking the Future - How Unconventional Gas Threatens our Water, Health and Climate”, DeSmogBlog Project, 2010
- 124.
Ohio: Shale drillers must report chemicals locally, Associated Press, October 1, 2013
- 125.
Standing Committee on Natural Resources, number 040, third session, 40th parliament, Parliament of Canada, February 1, 2011
- 126.
Erik Stokstad Will fracking put too much fizz in your water?, Science, Vol 344, Issue 6191, June 27, 2014, p.1468
- 127.
Erik Stokstad Will fracking put too much fizz in your water?, Science, Vol 344, Issue 6191, June 27, 2014, p.1468
- 128.
Garance Burke, Colorado’s Fracking Woes Show Fight Brewing In Oklahoma, Texas And Other Drought-Ridden Areas, Huffington Post, June 16, 2013
- 129.
Kevin Grandia, How Cheney’s Loophole is Fracking Up America, Huffington Post, May 17, 2010, updated May 25, 2011, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kevin-grandia/how-cheneys-loophole-is-f_b_502924.html
- 130.
Renee Lewis Kosnik, The Oil and Gas Industry’s Exclusions and Exemptions to Major Environmental Statutes, Oil & Gas Accountability Project, a Project of Earthworks, October 2007, p.2
- 131.
Fracking by the Numbers, Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level, Elizabeth Ridlington, John Rumpler, Environment America Research & Policy Center, October 2013, p.4
- 132.
Erik Stokstad Will fracking put too much fizz in your water?, Science, Vol 344, Issue 6191, June 27, 2014, p.1469
- 133.
Russell Gold, Energy Firm Makes Costly Fracking Bet — on Water, The Wall Street Journal, August 13, 2013
- 134.
Jean-Philippe Nicot and Bridget R. Scanlon, Water Use for Shale-Gas Production in Texas, US, Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, March 1, 2012
- 135.
Alison Sider, Russell Gold, Ben Lefebvre, Drillers Begin Reusing ‘Frack Water’ Energy Firms Explore Recycling Options for an Industry That Consumes Water on Pace With Chicago, The Wall Street Journal, November 20, 2012
- 136.
Roberto Suro, Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells Become Pollution Portals, The New York Times, May 3, 1992
- 137.
Claudio Brufatto, Jamie Cochran, Lee Conn, David Power, Said Zaki Abd Alla El-Zeghaty, Bernard Fraboulet, Tom Griffin, Simon James, Trevor Munk, Frederico Justus, Joseph R. Levine, Dominic Murphy, Jochen Pfeiffer, Tiraputra Pornpoch, Lara Rishmani, From Mud to Cement—Building Gas Wells, Schlumberger’s Oil Field Review, August 2003, p.63
- 138.
Anthony R. Ingraffea, Fluid Migration Mechanisms Due To Faulty Well Design And/Or Construction: An Overview And Recent Experiences In The Pennsylvania Marcellus Play, October 2012, Physicians, Scientists and Engineers for Healthy Energy, p.8
- 139.
Oil and gas: Information on Shale Resources, Development, and Environmental and Public Health Risks, US Government Accountability Office, September 2012, pp.45–47
- 140.
Contaminated Water in Two States Linked to Faulty Shale Gas Wells, Nicholas School of the Environment of Duke University, September 15, 2014
- 141.
Documentary “Gasland”, 2010, Director Josh Fox
- 142.
Letter to United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX about “Underground Injection Control Drinking Water Source Evaluation”, The State Water Resources Control Board of California, September 15, 2014
- 143.
Stephen Stock, Liza Meak, Mark Villarreal and Scott Pham, Waste Water from Oil Fracking Injected into Clean Aquifers, NBC Bay Area, November 14, 2014
- 144.
Jeff Tollefson, Methane leaks erode green credentials of natural gas. Nature, 493, 12, January 2, 2013
- 145.
Methane leaks from oil and gas fields, detected from space, American Geophysical Union, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 95, No. 46, 18 November 2014, pp.427–428
- 146.
Overview of Greenhouse Gases, US Environmental Protection Agency, http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html
- 147.
Eli Kintisch, Plugging methane leaks in the urban maze could be key to making shale gas climate-friendly, Science, Vol 344, Issue 6191, June 27, 2014, p.1472
- 148.
Robert W. Howarth, Renee Santoro, Anthony Ingraffea, Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations, Climatic Change, Volume 106, Issue 4, June 2011, pp.679–690
- 149.
Robert Jackson, Avner Vengosh, Thomas Darrah, Nathaniel Warner, Adrian Down, Robert Poreda, Stephen Osborn, Kaiguang Zhao, Jonathan Karra, Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, July 9, 2013, 110(28), pp. 11250–11255, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3710833/
- 150.
Oil and gas: Information on Shale Resources, Development, and Environmental and Public Health Risks, US Government Accountability Office, September 2012, p.35
- 151.
A tailings dam is typically an earth-fill embankment dam used to store byproducts of mining operations after separating the ore from the gangue. Tailings dams rank among the largest engineered structures on Earth.
- 152.
An open letter to the International Community & Australian Parliament on the ongoing crisis in Brazil, February 18, 2016, http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/Committees/fadt_ctte/estimates/add_1516/Openletter.pdf
- 153.
Report on the Immediate Causes of the Failure of the Fundão Dam, Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel (Norbert R. Morgenstern, Steven G. Vick, Cássio B. Viotti, Bryan D. Watts), August 25, 2016, http://fundaoinvestigation.com/wp-content/uploads/general/PR/en/FinalReport.pdf
- 154.
Catastrophic Failure: The biggest environmental disaster in Brazil’s mining history, ABC Australia/Journeyman Pictures, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF3Clm6T_kI
- 155.
BANCO SAFRA S.A. – CAYMAN ISLANDS BRANCH, Individually and on Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff, v. SAMARCO MINERAÇÃO S.A. and RICARDO VESCOVI DE ARAGÃO, Defendants. United States District Court, Southern District Of New York, November 14, 2016, http://securities.stanford.edu/filings-documents/1059/SMS00_01/20161114_f01c_16CV08800.pdf
- 156.
Paul Kiernan, Samarco Warned of Problems at Dam, Engineer Says, The Wall Street Journal, January 17, 2016
- 157.
Rob Davies, BHP Billiton employees face criminal charges on Brazil dam disaster, The Guardian, October 21, 2016
- 158.
Catastrophic Failure: The biggest environmental disaster in Brazil’s mining history, ABC Australia/Journeyman Pictures, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF3Clm6T_kI
- 159.
Mariaan Webb, Samarco unlikely to reopen this year, job cuts planned – BHP Billiton, Mining Weekly, July 14, 2016, http://www.miningweekly.com/article/samarco-unlikely-to-reopen-this-year-bhp-billiton-2016-07-14
- 160.
Ostrom, Elinor, Beyond markets and states: polycentric governance of complex economic systems. American Economic Review, June 2010, 100 (3), pp. 641–672.
- 161.
IRAN: Another Crisis for the Shah, The Time, November 13, 1978
- 162.
Tunisia orders army to protect oil and gas fields, Al Jazeera, May 10, 2017
- 163.
Jill Disis, Matt Egan, Chris Isidore, 10 refineries close as Harvey drenches Texas energy hub, CNNMoney, August 28, 2017
- 164.
BSEE Tropical Storm Harvey Activity Statistics: August 27, 2017, https://www.bsee.gov/newsroom/latest-news/statements-and-releases/press-releases/bsee-tropical-storm-harvey-activity-0
- 165.
Richard A. Clarke, Robert Knake, Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It, Harper Collins, 2012
- 166.
David E. Sanger, Confront and Conceal: Obama’s Secret Wars and Surprising Use of American Power, Crown Publ. Group, 2012, pp. 188–209
- 167.
David E. Sanger, Obama Order Sped Up Wave of Cyberattacks Against Iran, The New York Times, June 1, 2012
- 168.
Kim Zetter, The NSA Acknowledges What We All Feared: Iran Learns From US Cyberattacks, WIRED, February 10, 2015, http://www.wired.com/2015/02/nsa-acknowledges-feared-iran-learns-us-cyberattacks/
- 169.
Dmitry Tarakanov, Shamoon The Wiper: Further Details (Part II), Kaspersky Labs’ Global Research & Analysis Team, September 11, 2012,
- 170.
Norman Johnson, Shamoon Wiper: The most damaging corporate attack - Did you miss it?, http://www.cyber50.org/blog/shamoon-wiper
- 171.
Kim Zetter, The NSA Acknowledges What We All Feared: Iran Learns From US Cyberattacks, WIRED, February 10, 2015, http://www.wired.com/2015/02/nsa-acknowledges-feared-iran-learns-us-cyberattacks/
- 172.
Sean Lawson, Anonymous Sources Provide No Evidence of Iran Cyber Attacks, Forbes, October 31, 2012
- 173.
Saudi Arabia says cyber attack aimed to disrupt oil, gas flow, Reuters, December 9, 2012
- 174.
Thomas Rid, Cyber War Will Not Take Place. Oxford University Press, 2013, p.66
- 175.
Heather MacKenzie, Shamoon Malware and SCADA Security – What are the Impacts, Tofino Security, October 25, 2012, https://www.tofinosecurity.com/blog/shamoon-malware-and-scada-security-%E2%80%93-what-are-impacts
- 176.
Chris Bronk, Eneken Tikk-Ringas, Hack or Attack? Shamoon and the Evolution of Cyber Conflict, Baker Institute for Public Policy, February 1, 2013
- 177.
Veblen, T. B. (1899). The Theory of the Leisure Class. An Economic Study of Institutions. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- 178.
T. Tolin, Design of Flexible Production Systems – Methodologies and Tools. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
- 179.
Our informed appraisal of the influence of each audience on a typical organization within the subsector (100% = combined influence of all audiences)
- 180.
Marcel Metze, The Planta-affair, 1960, Nofota History Project, http://www.nofota.info/the-planta-affair/
- 181.
Mirjam Gulmans, Femke Veltman, De Planta-affaire, Dodelijke slachtoffers door onschuldig pakje margarine, http://anderetijden.nl/aflevering/124/De-Planta-affaire
- 182.
Peter Anthonissen, Crisis Communication: Practical PR Strategies for Reputation Management & Company Survival, Kogan Page Publishers, 2008, p.19
- 183.
Dennis A. Gioia, Pinto Fires. In Trevino, L. & Nelson, K. Managing Business Ethics: Straight Talk, About How To Do It Right, Wiley, 1995, pp.80–84
- 184.
Peter Wyden, The unknown Iacocca, Morrow, 1987, p.238
- 185.
E.S. Grush and C.S. Saundy, Fatalities Associated With Crash Induced Fuel Leakage and Fires, Ford Motor Company, Environmental and Safety Engineering, 1973
- 186.
Peter Wyden, The unknown Iacocca, Morrow, 1987, p.238
- 187.
Ford Transmissions Failure to Hold in Park, Center for Auto Safety, 2009, https://www.autosafety.org/ford-transmissions-failure-hold-park/
- 188.
KNKT.18.10.35.04, Aircraft Accident Investigation Report, Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi, http://knkt.dephub.go.id/knkt/ntsc_aviation/baru/2018%20-%20035%20-%20PK-LQP%20Final%20Report.pdf
- 189.
Sharra L. Vostral, Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Technological Health Crisis, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 84(4), 2011, pp. 447–459
- 190.
Michael Regester, Judy Larkin, Risk issues and crisis management: a casebook of best practice, 2005, third ed., p.63
- 191.
Reinhard Angelmar, The rise and fall of Baycol/Lipobay, Journal of Medical Marketing, 2007, Vol. 7, pp. 77–88
- 192.
Alex Berenson, Gardiner Harris, Barry Meier And Andrew Pollack, Despite Warnings, Drug Giant Took Long Path to Vioxx Recall, November 14, 2004
- 193.
Marcia Angell, Your Dangerous Drugstore, New York Review of Books, 2006, 53(10), pp. 38–40
- 194.
Gardiner Harris, Alex Berenson, 10 Voters on Panel Backing Pain Pills Had Industry Ties, The New York Times, February 25, 2005
- 195.
Christine Lagorio, Merck Knew Vioxx Dangers In 2000, The Associated Press, June 22, 2005
- 196.
David J. Graham, Risk of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in patients treated with COX-2 selective and non-selective NSAIDs, FDA internal memorandum, September 30, 2004, http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/drugsafety/postmarketdrugsafetyinformationforpatientsandproviders/ucm106880.pdf
- 197.
Questions and Answers FDA Regulatory Actions for the COX-2 Selective and Non-Selective Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), US Food and Drug Administration, April 2005
- 198.
Damon Darlin, Dell Recalls Batteries Because of Fire Threat, The New York Times, August 14, 2006
- 199.
Yuri Kageyama, Sony Apologizes for Battery Recall The Associated Press, October 24, 2006
- 200.
Dmitry Chernov and Didier Sornette, Man-made catastrophes and risk information concealment (25 case studies of major disasters and human fallibility), Springer, 2016
- 201.
Miguel Helft, Apple Acknowledges Flaw in iPhone Signal Meter, The New York Times, July 2, 2010
- 202.
This case is studied in detail in chap. 2.4.2 of Dmitry Chernov and Didier Sornette, Man-made catastrophes and risk information concealment (25 case studies of major disasters and human fallibility), Springer, 2016
- 203.
David Connett, Volkswagen emissions scandal: More carmakers implicated as tests reveal pollution levels of popular diesels, Independent, September 30, 2015
- 204.
Damian Carrington, Wide range of cars emit more pollution in realistic driving tests, data shows, The Guardian, September 30, 2015
- 205.
Kartikay Mehrotra, Dodge Truck Owners Accuse Chrysler of VW-Like Cheating, Bloomberg, November 14, 2016
- 206.
Lydia Willgress, IKEA issues urgent warning over popular range of drawers after THIRD child is crushed to death by a toppling unit, Daily Mail, April 20, 2016
- 207.
Ikea recalls 29 million dressers after 6 kids killed, Associated Press, June 28, 2016
- 208.
Amelia Heathman, We finally know why Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 s ‘exploded’, Wired, January 24, 2017
- 209.
Samsung Electronics Estimates Mid-3 Trillion Won Negative Impact for Q4 2016 and Q1 2017 Due to Galaxy Note7 Discontinuation, Samsung, October 14, 2016, https://news.samsung.com/global/samsung-electronics-estimates-mid-3-trillion-won-negative-impact-for-q4-2016-and-q1-2017-due-to-galaxy-note7-discontinuation
- 210.
Tom Furlong, Perrier Water Scare Goes Flat in Southland, The Las Angeles Times, February 12, 1990
- 211.
George James, Perrier Recalls Its Water in US After Benzene Is Found in Bottles, The New Times, February 10, 1990
- 212.
Ibid
- 213.
Ibid
- 214.
Andrew Caesar-Gordon, Lessons to Learn from a Product Recall, PR week, October 28, 2015
- 215.
This case is studied in detail in chap. 2.4.3 of Dmitry Chernov and Didier Sornette, Man-made catastrophes and risk information concealment (25 case studies of major disasters and human fallibility), Springer, 2016
- 216.
Peter Anthonissen, Crisis Communication: Practical PR Strategies for Reputation Management, Kogan Page, 2008
- 217.
Sydney Finkelstein, Why Smart Executives Fail: And What You Can Learn from Their Mistakes, Penguin, 2004
- 218.
Matt Haig, Brand Failures: The Truth about the 100 Biggest Branding Mistakes of All Time, Kogan Page Publishers, 2005, pp. 134–136
- 219.
Staphylococcus food poisoning in Japan, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, 2001, 22 (8), No.258, pp. 185–186
- 220.
NOAA N-PRIME Mishap Investigation. Final Report, NASA, September 13, 2004, https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/65776main_noaa_np_mishap.pdf
- 221.
Stephen Clark, Back from the brink: Broken satellite now fixed and ready, Spaceflight Now, February 1, 2009, https://www.spaceflightnow.com/delta/d338/090201preview.html
- 222.
Jeevan Vasagar, Chocolate may have poisoned more than 40, The Guardian, June 24, 2006
- 223.
GlaxoSmithKline to Plead Guilty & Pay $750 Million to Resolve Criminal and Civil Liability Regarding Manufacturing Deficiencies at Puerto Rico Plant, The United States Department of Justice, October 26, 2010
- 224.
Ben Chapman, Lactalis baby milk could have been infected with salmonella for 13 years, CEO says, Reuters, February 2, 2018
- 225.
Kim Willsher, Lactalis to withdraw 12 m boxes of baby milk in salmonella scandal, The Guardian, January 14, 2018
- 226.
Gus Trompiz, Richard Lough, France’s Lactalis forced into new recall in baby milk scare, Reuters, January 12, 2018
- 227.
Judith Rehak, Tylenol made a hero of Johnson & Johnson: The recall that started them all, The New York Times, March 23, 2002
- 228.
Colin Doeg, Crisis Management in the Food and Drinks Industry: A Practical Approach, Springer Science & Business Media, 2006, p.180
- 229.
Surge in illegal sales of drugs as gangs exploit ‘phenomenal market’ online, The Guardian, December 28, 2014
- 230.
Gena Somra, Deadly fake Viagra: Online pharmacies suspected of selling counterfeit drugs, CNN, August 31, 2015
- 231.
Paul Toscano, The Dangerous World of Counterfeit Prescription Drugs, CNBC, October 4, 2011
- 232.
Gretel Kauffman, Scientists finally decode the Great Molasses Flood of 1919, The Christian Science Monitor, November 29, 2016
- 233.
Ingrid Eckerman, The Bhopal Saga: Causes and Consequences of the World’s Largest Industrial Disaster, Universities Press, 2005
- 234.
Typhoon Nina–Banqiao dam failure, Encyclopedia Britannica
- 235.
David Longshore, Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, Infobase Publishing, 2009, p.124
- 236.
Zakia Abdennebi, Morocco mattress factory fire kills 55, Reuters, April 27, 2008
- 237.
Arun Devnath, Mehul Srivastava, ‘Suddenly the Floor Wasn’t There,’ Factory Survivor Says. Bloomberg, 25 April 2013
- 238.
Syed Zain Al-Mahmood, Rebecca Smithers, Matalan supplier among manufacturers in Bangladesh building collapse, The Guardian, April 24, 2013
- 239.
Arun Devnath, Mehul Srivastava, ‘Suddenly the Floor Wasn’t There,’ Factory Survivor Says. Bloomberg, April 25, 2013
- 240.
Minamata Disease The History and Measures, Environmental health department, Ministry of the environment, Government of Japan, 2002, http://www.env.go.jp/en/chemi/hs/minamata2002/index.html
- 241.
Yossi Sheffi, The Resilient Enterprise: Overcoming Vulnerability for Competitive Advantage, MIT Press, February 23, 2007, pp.3–12
- 242.
Bruce Einhorn, Kanga Kong, Kyunghee Park, A Korean War Could Cut Pipeline of Vital Technologies to the World “If Korea is hit by a missile, all electronics production will stop”, Bloomberg, April 27, 2017
- 243.
Jyoti Thottam, Why Mattel Apologized to China, Time, Friday, Sept. 21, 2007, http://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1,664,428,00.html
- 244.
W. Timothy Coombs, Sherry J. Holladay, The Handbook of Crisis Communication, John Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 468
- 245.
Heparin Sodium Injection, Baxter, http://www.baxter.com/products-expertise/product-safety-information/heparin-background-information.page
- 246.
Walt Bogdanich and Jake Hooker, From China to Panama, a Trail of Poisoned Medicine, The New York Times, May 6, 2007
- 247.
Tobacco, The World Health Organization, July 2013
- 248.
Some have suggested that IQOS stands for “I quit ordinary smoking”, but one can read on the official website of Philip Morris International: “Although many have tried to come up with explanations of IQOS, none of these creative ideas are correct. IQOS is not an acronym but a brand name created to denote innovation and game-changing technology coupled with advanced science, and that we could protect and use in many markets.”
- 249.
Martinne Geller, Philip Morris looks beyond cigarettes with alternative products, Evening Standard, November 30, 2016
- 250.
Mischa Aebi, Gift in Filtern der E-Zigaretten von Philip Morris, Tages-Anzeiger, April 7, 2019
- 251.
Dan Charles, U.S. Soda Taxes Work, Studies Suggest — But Maybe Not As Well As Hoped, NPR, February 21, 2019
- 252.
Keith Johnson, Elias Groll, The Improbable Rise of Huawei, Foreign Policy, April 3, 2019, https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/03/the-improbable-rise-of-huawei-5g-global-network-china/
- 253.
Li Tao, Huawei CEO says he did not expect such a ferocious, large-scale US attack on the Chinese telecoms giant, South China Morning Post, Jun 17, 2019
- 254.
Bien Perez, Why China is set to spend US$411 billion on 5G mobile networks, South China Morning Post, June 19, 2017
- 255.
Bien Perez, ZTE to pay record US$1.2 billion fine for violating Iran, North Korea sanctions, March 8, 2017
- 256.
M.J. Peterson, Case Study: Bhopal Plant Disaster (with appendixes), University of Massachusetts – Amherst, 2009
- 257.
Ingrid Eckerman, The Bhopal Saga: Causes and Consequences of the World’s Largest Industrial Disaster, Universities Press, 2005, p. 25
- 258.
Michael Heylin, NATO bombs take out chemical complex, Chemical & Engineering News, Volume 77, Number 19, May 10, 1999
- 259.
Our informed appraisal of the influence of each audience on a typical organization within the subsector (100% = combined influence of all audiences)
- 260.
Report of the President’s Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island: The Need for Change: The Legacy of TMI, October 1979, pp. 12, 90–111
- 261.
Backgrounder on the Three Mile Island Accident, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, February 11, 2013
- 262.
Three Mile Island: Report to the Commissioners and to the Public, M. Rogovin and G. Frampton, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, January 1980, Vol. I, pp. 3–4
- 263.
14-Year Cleanup at Three Mile Island Concludes, The New York Times, August 15, 1993
- 264.
NRC Issues Final Safety Evaluation Report For Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant License Renewal Application, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Press Release-09-119, June 30, 2009
- 265.
Robert A. Stallings, Evacuation behavior at Three Mile Island, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, №2, 1984, p.12
- 266.
Report of the President’s Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island: The Need for Change: The Legacy of TMI, October 1979, pp. 10, 43, 93
- 267.
Report of the President’s Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island: The Need for Change: The Legacy of TMI, October 1979, pp. 29–30
- 268.
Incidents That Define Process Safety, Center for Chemical Process Safety, John Wiley & Sons, 2013
- 269.
VENEZUELA - Power Plant Fire, USAID, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAB295.pdf
- 270.
Frequently Asked Chernobyl Questions, IAEA, http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/cherno-faq.shtml
- 271.
Chernobyl: the true scale of the accident, World Health Organization, 2009, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2005/pr38/en/
- 272.
Interview with Mikhail Gorbachev, documentary “The Battle of Chernobyl”, Director: Thomas Johnson, 2006
- 273.
Official exchange rate of State Bank of the USSR by the end of 1986: Soviet ruble/US dollar – 0,6783, Archive of Bank of Russia, http://cbr.ru/currency_base/OldDataFiles/USD.xls
- 274.
Valery Legasov, Problems of Safe Development of the Technosphere, Communist Journal, #8, 1987, pp. 92–101
- 275.
The SCRAM system refers to the control rods that are inserted into a nuclear reactor core to suppress nuclear fission. A “positive SCRAM effect” is a localized increase of activity in the bottom of the core of a reactor during emergency shutdown with low power range: introducing graphite rods leads to decreased absorption of neutrons by the xenon in the core (“xenon poisoning”) and accelerates the nuclear reaction.
- 276.
The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1, INSAG-7, IAEA Publications, Vienna, 1992, pp.47–48
- 277.
Anatoly Dyatlov, Chernobyl. How it was, Nauchtekhlitizdat, Moscow, 2003, p.153
- 278.
The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1, INSAG-7, IAEA Publications, Vienna, 1992, p.87
- 279.
The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1, INSAG-7, IAEA Publications, Vienna, 1992, p.43
- 280.
Nikolaii Karpan, Vengeance of peaceful atom, Dnepropetrovsk, 2006, p. 290
- 281.
Anatoly Dyatlov, Chernobyl. How it was, Nauchtekhlitizdat, Moscow, 2003, pp. 136
- 282.
The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1, INSAG-7, IAEA Publications, Vienna, 1992, pp.44–45
- 283.
Nikolaii Karpan, Vengeance of peaceful atom, Dnepropetrovsk, 2006, pp. 294–296
- 284.
Anatoly Dyachenko, Experience of liquidation of Chernobyl disaster, Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Institute of Strategic Stability” of Rosatom, Moscow, 2004, http://www.iss-atom.ru/book-7/glav-2-3.htm
- 285.
Interview with Mikhail Gorbachev, documentary “The Battle of Chernobyl”, Director: Thomas Johnson, 2006
- 286.
Nikolaii Karpan, Vengeance of peaceful atom, Dnepropetrovsk, 2006, p. 401
- 287.
Anatoly Dyatlov, Chernobyl. How it was, Nauchtekhlitizdat, Moscow, 2003, p.102
- 288.
Unapprehended atom. Interview with Victor Bryukhanov, Profile, Moscow, № 29(477), April 24, 2006
- 289.
Vladimir Shunevich, Victor Bryuhanov: I was expelled from the party directly at a meeting of the Politburo, Fakty newspaper, Kiev, July 72,012
- 290.
The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1, INSAG-7, IAEA Publications, Vienna, 1992, p.51
- 291.
The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1, IAEA Publications, Vienna, 1992, p.52
- 292.
“The causes of the accident lie not in the programme [of the experiment] as such, but in the ignorance on the part of the programme developers of the characteristics of the behavior of the RBMK-1000 reactor under the planned operating conditions”, The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1, IAEA Publications, Vienna, 1992, p.52
- 293.
Grigori Medvedev, Chernobyl Notebook, New World Magazine, №6, 1989
- 294.
Nikolaii Karpan, Vengeance of peaceful atom, Dnepropetrovsk, 2006, p. 446, 451
- 295.
Anatoly Dyatlov, Chernobyl. How it was, Nauchtekhlitizdat, Moscow, 2003, p.134
- 296.
Seven hours after the accident (at 10:00 a.m. on 26 April 1986), one of the engineers of Chernobyl NPP explored the reactor room and found out that the reactor was demolished, but the Director of the plant did not believe his statement. It took a helicopter ride 12 hours after the accident (around 3:00 p.m. on 26 April 1986) to establish the fact that Reactor #4 was destroyed and was throwing out radioactive material into the atmosphere (Alexandr Borovoy, Evgeny Velihov. Experience of Chernobyl, National Research Center “Kurchatovsky Institute”, Moscow, 2012, p.11).
- 297.
Alexandr Borovoy, Evgeny Velihov. Experience of Chernobyl, National Research Center “Kurchatovsky Institute”, Moscow, 2012, p.11; Grigori Medvedev, Chernobyl Notebook, New World Magazine, №6, 1989
- 298.
The accident occurred at 1:24 a.m. 26 April 1986, but evacuation was started only at 2:00 p.m. 27 April. Central government officials arrived in Chernobyl by the end of 26 April, and recognized that the real picture differed completely from the one in reports.
- 299.
Documentary “Chernobyl. Chronicle of silence”, Director: Irina Larina, 2006
- 300.
Mikhail Gorbachev, Turning Point at Chernobyl, Project Syndicate, April 14, 2006, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/turning-point-at-chernobyl
- 301.
Occupational Radiation Protection in Severe Accident Management. Interim Report, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Nuclear Energy Agency, January 7, 2014, pp. 65–66
- 302.
Mu Xuequan, Chernobyl’s New Safe Confinement goes into operation, Xinhua, July 11, 2019, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-07/11/c_138215894.htm
- 303.
Dissenting opinion of R.M. Haziahmetov (member of investigation commission of Rostechnadzor) regarding the Act of technical investigation of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, Destruction of Tubine 2 of Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydropower Station: causes and lessons, Volume III, Hydrotechnical Construction, Moscow, 2013, p.276
- 304.
N. Baykov, Analysis of the circumstances of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, Destruction of Tubine 2 of Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydropower Station: causes and lessons, Volume I, Hydrotechnical Construction, Moscow, 2013, p.158
- 305.
Valentine Bryzgalov, Monograph “From the experience of establishment and development of Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya HPSs”, Krasnoyarsk, Surikov Publisher, 1999, p. 541
- 306.
Vladimir Demchenko, Andrew Krassikov, Sergey Teplyakov, Irina Tumakova. Was Turbine #2 on SSHPS shaking during 10 years? Izvestia, September 14, 2009
- 307.
F. Kogan, Abnormal operating conditions and reliability of modern hydro turbines, Destruction of Tubine 2 of Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydropower Station: causes and lessons, Volume I, Hydrotechnical Construction, Moscow, 2013, p.49
- 308.
N. Baykov, Analysis of the circumstances of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, Destruction of Tubine 2 of Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydropower Station: causes and lessons, Volume I, Hydrotechnical Construction, Moscow, 2013, p.153
- 309.
Rostehnadzor: the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is not unique, in 1983 was a similar situation at Nurek HPP, Interfax, October 3, 2009 and review about accidents and other disturbances on power stations and electric networks of USSR energy system for 1983, Soyuztechenergo, Moscow, 1984
- 310.
B. Skorobogatykh, N.Shepilov, S.Kunavin, V.Ushakov, Investigation of the metal and the nature of damage studs of turbine cover of Turbine 2 of Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydropower Station, Destruction of Tubine 2 of Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydropower Station: causes and lessons, Volume I, Hydrotechnical Construction, Moscow, 2013, p.373
- 311.
Joe P. Hasler, Investigating Russia’s Biggest Dam Explosion: What Went Wrong, Popular Mechanics, February 2, 2010
- 312.
Peter Kihss, Power Failure Snarls Northeast; 800,000 Are Caught in Subways Here; Autos Tied Up; City Gropes In Dark, The New York Times, November 9, 1965
- 313.
Lyndon B. Johnson, Memorandum Concerning the Power Failure in the Northeastern United States, November 9, 1965. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=27361
- 314.
The Economic Impacts of the August 2003 Blackout, Electric Consumer Research Council (ELCON), February 2, 2004
- 315.
Inside Walkerton: Canada’s worst-ever E. coli contamination, CBC News, May 10, 2010
- 316.
Stian Reklev, Kathy Chen, Ben Blanchard, Michael Martina, Geert De Clercq, Andrew Roche, Chinese rush for bottled drinks after benzene pollutes tapwater, Reuters, April 11, 2014
- 317.
Catherine Wong Tsoi-lai, Nation wages war on water contamination, Global Times, April 17, 2015
- 318.
Maggie Fox, Flint Water Crisis: Feds Expand Programs to Help Kids Affected by Lead, NBC News, March 2, 2016
- 319.
David Fleshler, Dana Williams, Sewage overflow incidents on rise as aging pipes break, Sun Sentinel, February 18, 2012
- 320.
Katherine Butler, When waste attacks: 5 big sewage disasters, Mother Nature Network, January 9, 2013
- 321.
Guadalajara Mexico, Ministry in charge of the environment of France, December 2007, https://www.aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/wp-content/files_mf/FD_3543_guadalajara_1992_ang.pdf
- 322.
Chao Zhai, Hehong Zhang, Gaoxi Xiao and Tso-Chien Pan, Modeling and Identification of Worst-Case Cascading Failures in Power Systems, arXiv:1703.05232v1, March 15, 2017
- 323.
F. Guzzetti, G. Lollino, Book Review of “The Story of Vaiont Told by the Geologist Who Discovered the Landslide”, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 2011, pp.485–486
- 324.
Mountain Tsunami, documentary of “Seconds from Disaster” serious, National Geographic Channel, 2012
- 325.
Mountain Tsunami, documentary of “Seconds from Disaster” serious, National Geographic Channel, 2012
- 326.
Rinaldo Genevois, Monica Ghirotti, The 1963 Vaiont Landslide, Giornale di Geologia Applicata 1, 2005, pp. 41–52
- 327.
D. Sornette, A. Helmstetter, J.V. Andersen, S. Gluzman, J.-R. Grasso and V.F. Pisarenko, Towards Landslide Predictions: Two Case Studies. Physica A 338, 2004, pp.605–632
- 328.
Typhoon Nina–Banqiao dam failure, Encyclopædia Britannica
- 329.
David Longshore, Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, Infobase Publishing, 2009, p.124
- 330.
Lu Zongshu, Shen Nianzu, Dams gone wrong: Is danger lurking in China’s dams? Probe International, August 24, 2011, https://journal.probeinternational.org/2011/08/24/dams-gone-wrong-is-danger-lurking-in-china’s-dams/
- 331.
Utpal Sandesara, Tom Wooten, Paul Farmer, No One Had a Tongue to Speak: The Untold Story of One of History’s Deadliest Floods, Prometheus Books, 2011
- 332.
Sobeom Jin, Sungjin Hong and Fumihiko Imamura, 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Madras Nuclear Power Plant, India, Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society Spring Meeting, Chuncheon, Korea, May 25–26, 2006
- 333.
James M. Acton, Mark Hibbs, Why Fukushima Was Preventable, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, March 2012, pp. 11, 22–23
- 334.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Chap. 1. Was the accident preventable?, July 5, 2012, p.26
- 335.
Christina Nyquist, The March 11 Tohoku Earthquake, One Year Later. What Have We Learned? March 9, 2012, US Geological Survey
- 336.
Wolfgang Kröger, Fukushima: Need for Reappraisal of Nuclear Risks? ETH Zürich, Keynote SRA-Europe 21st Annual Conference, Zurich, June 18–20, 2012
- 337.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Executive summary, July 5, 2012, pp.17, 30
- 338.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Executive summary, July 5, 2012, p.13
- 339.
Fact Finding Expert Mission of the Fukushima Dai-Ichi NPP Accident Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, IAEA mission report, 24 May – 2 June 2011, p.11
- 340.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Executive summary, July 5, 2012, p.14
- 341.
Akira Izumo, Facts, Lessons Learned and Nuclear Power Policy of Japan after the Accident, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, January 24, 2012
- 342.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Executive summary, July 5, 2012, p.13
- 343.
Overview of facility of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, TEPCO, http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/outline_f1/index-e.html
- 344.
The Status of Nuclear Fuel Stored at the Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plants, Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center (Japan), Jan. 31, 2013, http://www.cnic.jp/english/newsletter/nit154/nit154articles/03_nf.html
- 345.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Executive summary, July 5, 2012, p.39
- 346.
Fukushima Accident, World Nuclear Association, updated 13 January 2014
- 347.
The evacuation map in the following official government site (http://www.meti.go.jp/english/earthquake/nuclear/roadmap/pdf/141001MapOfAreas.pdf) shows the most dangerous area called Area3, which is defined as follows: “Area3: Areas where it is expected that the residents have difficulties in returning for a long time”.
- 348.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Executive summary, July 5, 2012, p.38
- 349.
The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Crisis Management — Lessons for Japan-US Alliance Cooperation, The Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Sep. 2012, p.38
- 350.
Mari Yamaguchi, IAEA: Japan nuke cleanup may take more than 40 yrs., Associated Press, April 22, 2013
- 351.
The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission, The National Diet of Japan, Executive summary, July 5, 2012, p.21
- 352.
Dmitry Chernov and Didier Sornette, Man-made catastrophes and risk information concealment (25 case studies of major disasters and human fallibility), Springer, 2016
- 353.
North Anna Nuclear Plant Earthquake Risk: 1977 Memo Details Cover-Up Of Seismic Knowledge, The Huffington Post, January 06, 2012
- 354.
North Anna Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation, Response to Earthquake, US Nuclear Regulator Commission, https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1200/ML12005A011.pdf
- 355.
Alex Kane, Nuclear Trouble: 16 Reactors in the Path of Hurricane Sandy, AlterNet, October 29, 2012
- 356.
Four Nuclear Power Plants Jolted by Hurricane Sandy, Environment News Service, October 30, 2012
- 357.
Alyson Kenward, Daniel Yawitz, Urooj Raja, Sewage Overflows from Hurricane Sandy, Climate Central, April 30, 2013
- 358.
Nicole Rodriguez, FPL nuclear facilities weathered Irma without sustaining damage, TCPalm, September 11, 2017
- 359.
Nicole Homeier and Lisa Wei, Solar storm Risk to the north American electric grid, Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER), Lloyd’s, 2013
- 360.
Jorge Miguel Ordacgi Filho, Brazilian Blackout 2009, Blackout Watch, ONS, Brazil, PAC, 36–37, March 2010, https://www.pacw.org/fileadmin/doc/MarchIssue2010/Brazilian_Blackout_march_2010.pdf
- 361.
- 362.
Rainer Bacher and Urs Näf, Report on the blackout in Italy on 28 September 2003, Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), November 2003
- 363.
Final report of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy, UCTE Report April 2004 (https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/ce/otherreports/20040427_UCTE_IC_Final_report.pdf, accessed 21 Aug. 2017)
- 364.
Wolfgang Kröger, Securing the operation of socially critical systems from an engineering perspective: new challenges, enhanced tools and novel concepts, Eur. J. Secur. Res. 2, 39–55 (2017)
- 365.
Wolfgang Kröger and Enrico Zio, eds., Vulnerable systems, Springer (2011)
- 366.
Sergey V. Buldyrev, Roni Parshani, Gerald Paul, H. Eugene Stanley and Shlomo Havlin, Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464, 1025–1028 (2010)
- 367.
UCTE (union for the co-ordination of transmission of electricity), Final Report System Disturbance on 4 November 2006 (https://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/ce/otherreports/Final-Report-20070130.pdf)
- 368.
Hurricane Irma & Hurricane Harvey Event Report (Update #22), US Department of Energy, September 7, 2017, https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/09/f36/Hurricane%20Harvey%20Event%20Summary%2022.pdf
- 369.
Leslie Josephs, Hurricane Irma could leave areas of Puerto Rico without power for up to six months, CNBC, September 6, 2017
- 370.
Hurricane Maria ‘killed 4600 in Puerto Rico, BBC, May 29, 2018
- 371.
Study Estimates Prolonged Increase in Puerto Rican Death Rate After Hurricane Maria, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, May 29, 2018, https://fxb.harvard.edu/2018/05/29/study-estimates-prolonged-increase-in-puerto-rican-death-rate-after-hurricane-maria/
- 372.
Pierre Razoux, The Iran-Iraq War, Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press, November 3, 2015
- 373.
Stritar, A., Mavko, B., Susnik, J. and Sarler, B., Some aspects of nuclear power plant safety under war conditions, Nuclear Technology, 1993, 101 (2), pp.193–201
- 374.
Emily Burchfield, Under Pressure: The Effect of Conflict on the Euphrates Dam, Atlantic Council, April 18, 2017
- 375.
Salman Masood, Rebels Tied to Blackout Across Most of Pakistan, The New York Times, January 25, 2015
- 376.
Patrick Wintour, UN warns of war crimes over disruption to water supply north of Damascus, The Guardian January 5, 2017
- 377.
Gero Rueter, EU needs to shut all coal plants by 2030 to meet climate goals, DW, February 22, 2017, https://www.dw.com/en/eu-needs-to-shut-all-coal-plants-by-2030-to-meet-climate-goals/a-37665345
- 378.
A recent report by the Council of European Energy Regulators shows that the weighted average subsidy paid to renewable generators in EU 26 in 2015 was €110 / MWh. The maximum was €184 / MWh in the Czech Republic and the minimum €16.2 / MWh in Norway. This should be compared with the wholesale price of electricity in Europe, which lies in the range from €40 to €60 / MWh, Thus, renewables are costing on average about 3 times as much as conventional power (wholesale≈50, subsidy≈110, total≈160). In fact, this estimation is a lower bound as it ignores the “system costs” to expand the grid itself and to provide a portfolio of balancing and backup services for these very intermittent energy sources. In particular, there is need for an almost 100% backup from conventional energy sources, which face a dwindling market share and thus rising costs. Status review of renewable support schemes in Europe, Council of European Energy Regulators, Ref: C16-SDE TF-56-03, 11-04-2017.
- 379.
Katharine Murphy, Christopher Knaus, South Australian blackout blamed on thermal and wind generator failures, plus high demand, The Guardian, February 15, 2017
- 380.
Rebekah Ison, PM blames states for gas shortage ‘crisis’, Australian Associated Press, March 9, 2017
- 381.
Fukushima Four Years Later—A Tale of Three Countries, Nuclear Energy Institute, https://www.nei.org/News-Media/News/News-Archives/Fukushima-Four-Years-Later—A-Tale-of-Three-Countri
- 382.
Europe’s dark cloud (how coal-buring countries are making their neighbours sick), WWF European Policy Office, Sandbag, CAN Europe and HEAL in Brussels, Belgium, June 2016
- 383.
South Korea’s President Moon says plans to exit nuclear power, Reuters, June 19, 2017
- 384.
The Database on Nuclear Power Reactors, International Atomic Energy Agency, https://www.iaea.org/pris/
- 385.
Nuclear Power in the World Today, World Nuclear Association, January 2017
- 386.
International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006, http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Factsheets/English/manradwa.html
- 387.
Ibid
- 388.
D. Sornette, A civil super-Apollo project in nuclear R&D for a safer and prosperous world, Energy Research & Social Science, 2015, 8, pp. 60–65
- 389.
D. Sornette, W. Kröger and S. Wheatley, New Ways & Needs for Exploiting Nuclear Energy, Springer, 2018
- 390.
Thousands being moved from China’s Three Gorges – again, Reuters, August 22, 2012
- 391.
Thomas Peele, Power interrupted: State regulators tackle rules to guide when PG&E and other utilities should cut electricity to avoid sparking fires, Bay Area News Group, December 13, 2018
- 392.
Why bitcoin uses so much energy, The Economist, July 9, 2018
- 393.
Zheping Huang, China, home to the world’s biggest cryptocurrency mining farms, now wants to ban them completely, South China Morning Post, April 9, 2019
- 394.
Our informed appraisal of the influence of each audience on a typical organization within the subsector (100% = combined influence of all audiences)
- 395.
Bourdaire J.M., R.J. Byramjee, R.Pattinson, Reserve assessment under uncertainty -a new approach”, Oil & Gas Journal, June 10, 1985, pp. 135–140
- 396.
Kahneman, Daniel; Tversky, Amos, Intuitive prediction: biases and corrective procedures, TIMS Studies in Management Science, 1979, 12, pp. 313–327
- 397.
The following simple quantitative model illustrates the planning fallacy. Consider a project that is made of N tasks, requiring respectively a time t1, t2, .., tN. Thus, the total time to complete the project is T = t1 + t2+ … + tN. For simplicity, let us assume that the random time ti are i.i.d. (independent and identically distributed) according to a generic probability distribution function (pdf) taking the form of a power law f(t) = m t0m / t1 + m for t0 < t. In other words, t0 is the minimum time to complete any of the N tasks, but there is the possibility for large fluctuations in the task completion time. Since each to the N tasks has a random duration, the total duration T to complete the project is also random and its pdf is easily shown to be given by g(T) = m Nm t0m / T1 + m for Nt0 < T. From this, the probability G(T) that the time to complete the project be larger than or equal to T is simply given by G(T) = (Nt0/T)m. Now, most planners will optimistically allocate a time k t0, with k > 1, for each task, where k-1 is a safety margin assumed to be sufficient to address unforeseen issues or difficulties. Then, the estimated time for completion is Tp = N(kt0). The probability that the project takes more time than the prediction Tp is thus G(Tp) = (Nt0/ Tp)m = 1/km. Ambitious planners would put a 20% over time flexibility (k = 1.2), leading to the following estimates> For m = 1.2, 80% of the projects take longer than planned; for m = 1.5, 76% of the projects take longer than planned; for m = 2, 69% of the projects take longer than planned; for m = 3, 58% of the projects take longer than planned. Typical values for the exponent m are usually around 1 to 2, which rationalise the ubiquitous planning fallacy.
- 398.
D. Sornette and P. Cauwels, 1980–2008: The Illusion of the Perpetual Money Machine and what it bodes for the future, 2014, Risks 2, pp. 103–131, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2191509
- 399.
Markus K. Brunnermeier, Deciphering the Liquidity and Credit Crunch 2007–2008, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2009, 23(1), pp. 77–100
- 400.
Lessons and questions emerge from Armenian quake, Science News, January 21, 1989
- 401.
“Buildings-killers” of the Spitak earthquake, Sputnik, April 12, 2016
- 402.
2010–2011 World Disaster Reduction Campaign, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, November 8, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqrUJXgwrnU
- 403.
Michael Pollan, Farmer in Chief, The New York Times, Oct. 9, 2008
- 404.
Christopher Leonard, How the Meat Industry Keeps Chicken Prices High, Slate, March 3, 2014
- 405.
Mega-Mergers in the Global Agricultural Inputs Sector: Threats to Food Security & Climate Resilience, ETC Group, September 2015, http://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files/files/etcgroup_agmergers_22oct2015.pptx_.pdf
- 406.
Our informed appraisal of the influence of each audience on a typical organization within the subsector (100% = combined influence of all audiences)
- 407.
FAO plants new efforts to protect bananas under disease threat, FAO, October 3, 2019, https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/10/1048532
- 408.
Steve Marquardt, “Green Havoc”: Panama Disease, Environmental Change, and Labor Process in the Central American Banana Industry, The American Historical Review, Feb., 2001, Volume 106, No. 1, pp. 49–50
- 409.
Marty McCarthy, Banana fungus TR4 fought by Australian scientists with ‘mutant’ plants, ABC, Oct 14, 2016, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-15/scientists-battle-to-beat-banana-fungus-before-it-spreads/7929772
- 410.
Richard Lacey, Mad Cow Disease: The History of BSE in Britain, Cypsela, 1994, p. xx
- 411.
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, The World Health Organization, Febrary 2012
- 412.
Disgraced egg industry titan charged over 2010 salmonella outbreak, The Associated Press, May 21, 2014
- 413.
Multistate Outbreak of Human Salmonella Heidelberg Infections Linked to Ground Turkey, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, November 10, 2011
- 414.
Outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 Infections Associated with Sprout Consumption — Europe and North America, May–July 2011, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, December 20, 2013
- 415.
Francisco Diez-Gonzalez, Todd R. Callaway, Menas G. Kizoulis, James B. Russell, Grain Feeding and the Dissemination of Acid-Resistant Escherichia coli from Cattle, Science, 1998, 281 (5383), pp. 1666–1668
- 416.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2014. The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2012. EFSA Journal, 2014, 12(3)
- 417.
Catherine Rampell, Why a Big Mac Costs Less Than a Salad, The New York Times, March 9, 2010, https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/why-a-big-mac-costs-less-than-a-salad/
- 418.
Barbara A. Laraia, Tashara M. Leak, June M. Tester and Cindy W. Leung, Biobehavioral Factors That Shape Nutrition in Low-Income Populations - A Narrative Review, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017, 52 (2), Suppl. 2, pp. S118-S126
- 419.
Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Deborah Cohen, Gerald Hunter, Shannon N. Zenk, Christina Huang, Robin Beckman and Tamara Dubowitz, Distance to Store, Food Prices, and Obesity in Urban Food Deserts, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014, 47 (5), pp. 587–595
- 420.
David Pimentel and Marcia Pimentel, Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003, 78 (suppl), pp. 660S–663S
- 421.
conversion ratio of grain to beef based on Allen Baker, Feed Situation and Outlook staff, ERS, USDA (see http://www.earth-policy.org/books/pb2/pb2ch9_ss4)
- 422.
Tim Worstall, It Does Not Take 7 kg Of Grain To Make 1 kg Of Beef: Be Very Careful With Your Statistics, Bloomberg, September 3, 2012
- 423.
Obesity Update 2017 report, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/Obesity-Update-2017.pdf
- 424.
The GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years, The New England Journal of Medicine, 2017, 377 (1), pp. 13–27
- 425.
Andrea Rock, How Safe Is Your Ground Beef? Consumer Reports, December 21, 2015, https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/food/how-safe-is-your-ground-beef
- 426.
Jim Long, China pig herd continues massive decline, August 21, 2019, https://thepigsite.com/news/2019/08/jim-long-pork-commentary-china-pig-herd-continues-massive-decline
- 427.
Sun Liangzi, Tang Ziyi, Deadly Pig Disease Has Cost China More Than $140 Billion: Professor, Caixin, September 25, 2019, https://www.caixinglobal.com/2019-09-25/deadly-pig-disease-has-cost-china-more-than-140-billion-professor-101466143.html
- 428.
Aporkalypse now, The Economist, May 25, 2019
- 429.
20 questions on genetically modified foods, World Health Organization, 2002
- 430.
John Fagan, Michael Antoniou, Claire Robinson, GMO Myths and Truths, An evidence-based examination of the claims made for the safety and efficacy of genetically modified crops and foods, Earth Open Source, 2014, second ed., pp. 22–23
- 431.
Phil Angell (Monsanto) cited in Michael Pollan, Playing God in the Garden, The New York Times Magazine, October 25, 1998
- 432.
GMO Myths and Truths, Earth Open Source, May 19, 2014, http://earthopensource.org/index.php/reports/gmo-myths-and-truths
- 433.
Documentary “Food Inc.”, Director: Robert Kenner, 2008 (1:16:10–1:17:40) and Documentary “Seeds of Death: Unveiling The Lies of GMO’s”, Directors: Gary Null, Richard Polonetsky, 2012 (0:05:15–0:08:30)
- 434.
John Fagan, Michael Antoniou, Claire Robinson, GMO Myths and Truths, An evidence-based examination of the claims made for the safety and efficacy of genetically modified crops and foods, Earth Open Source, 2014, second ed., pp. 58–59
- 435.
EU Commission shortlists ex-Monsanto employee for EFSA Management Board, Munich Corporate Europe Observatory and Testbiotech, March 8, 2012
- 436.
Frederick William Engdahl, The Toxic Impacts of GMO Maize: Scientific Journal Bows to Monsanto, Retracts anti-Monsanto Study, Global Research, December 6, 2013
- 437.
Christophe Noisette, Roumanie – OGM: un ex de Monsanto, ministre de l’Agriculture, Inf’OGM, Febrary 2012
- 438.
John Fagan, Michael Antoniou, Claire Robinson, GMO Myths and Truths, An evidence-based examination of the claims made for the safety and efficacy of genetically modified crops and foods, Earth Open Source, 2014, second ed., p. 56
- 439.
Ibid, p. 59
- 440.
Ibid, p. 61
- 441.
Andrew Pollack, Crop Scientists Say Biotechnology Seed Companies Are Thwarting Research, The New York Times, Feb. 19, 2009
- 442.
Frederick William Engdahl, The Toxic Impacts of GMO Maize: Scientific Journal Bows to Monsanto, Retracts anti-Monsanto Study, Global Research, Dec. 6, 2013
- 443.
Safety Assessment of Roundup Ready Corn Event NK603, Monsanto, September 2002, pp.3–17
- 444.
Gilles-Eric Séralini, Emilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Steeve Gress, Nicolas Defarge, Manuela Malatesta, Didier Hennequin, Joël Spiroux de Vendômois, RETRACTED: Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2012, 50(11), pp. 4221–4231
- 445.
Gilles-Eric Séralini, Emilie Clair, Robin Mesnage, Steeve Gress, Nicolas Defarge, Manuela Malatesta, Didier Hennequin, Joël Spiroux de Vendômois, Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize, Environmental Sciences Europe, 2014, 26:14
- 446.
The impact of natural hazards and disasters on agriculture and food security and nutrition, FAO, May 2015
- 447.
Neil Frank, S. A. Husain, The deadliest tropical cyclone in history? Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, June 1971, pp.438–439
- 448.
Donald Worster, Dust Bowl: The Southern Plains in the 1930s, Oxford University Press, p. 49
- 449.
US Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 2017, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/
- 450.
Natural catastrophes 2010. Analyses, assessments, positions, Munich Re, February 2011, p.27
- 451.
A. Shapovalov, D. Butrin, $15 billion lost in Russian fires, Kommersant, August 10, 2010
- 452.
Ian Sample, Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land, The Guardian, August 31, 2007
- 453.
Make #Not Wasting, FAO, http://www.fao.org/3/a-c0088e.pdf
- 454.
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015, FAO, Second edition, 2016, pp.3,17
- 455.
Mukhisa Kituyi, Peter Thomson, 90% of fish stocks are used up – fisheries subsidies must stop emptying the ocean, WEF, July 13, 2018, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/07/fish-stocks-are-used-up-fisheries-subsidies-must-stop/
United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy for the Ocean, United Nations
- 456.
Biomass, European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable-energy/biomass
- 457.
Lagi, M., K.Z. Bertrand and Y. Bar-Yam, The food crises and political instability in North Africa and the Middle East, 2011, https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2455
- 458.
Biofuels: Fueling Hunger?, ActionAid International USA, https://www.actionaid.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/biofuels_fuelling_hunger.pdf
- 459.
Biomass, European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/renewable-energy/biomass
- 460.
F. Stuart Chapin III, Erika S. Zavaleta, Valerie T. Eviner, Rosamond L. Naylor, Peter M. Vitousek, Heather L. Reynolds, David U. Hoope, Sandra Lavorel, Osvaldo E. Sala, Sarah E. Hobbie, Michelle C. Mack and Sandra Díaz, review article: Consequences of changing biodiversity, Nature, 2000, 405, pp. 234–242
- 461.
Walsh, B., Even Advanced Biofuels May Not Be So Green, Time, 2014, http://time.com/70110/biofuels-advanced-environment-energy; Steer, A. and C. Hanson, Biofuels are not a green alternative to fossil fuels, The Guardian, July 29, 2015
- 462.
Balanced “primordial” forests take however several centuries to recover, see e.g. Peter Wohlleben, The Hidden Life of Trees: What They Feel, How They Communicate (Discoveries from a Secret World), Greystone Books, 2016
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chernov, D., Sornette, D. (2020). Specific Features of Risk Management in the Industrial and Agricultural Sectors. In: Critical Risks of Different Economic Sectors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25034-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25034-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25033-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25034-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)