Abstract
Pulse decomposition analysis (PDA) uses a pulse contour analysis approach to quantify hemodynamic parameters such as blood pressure and arterial tone changes. It is based on the concept that two central reflection sites are responsible for the shape of the pressure pulse envelope of the upper body.
The two reflection sites, one located at the aortic juncture of thoracic and abdominal aortas, and the other at the iliac bifurcation, reflect the primary left ventricular ejection pulse to give rise to two reflected and two re-reflected component pulses. Within the pulse pressure envelope of each cardiac cycle these five component pulses arrive sequentially in the arterial periphery. Quantification of the temporal and amplitudinal behavior of the first three component pulses establishes a formalism that can be used to monitor certain hemodynamic states and their changes.
The observational evidence and motivation for PDA are presented, as are pulse modeling approaches, practical implementation considerations and physiological confounders. Benchmark and clinical study comparisons are provided. The current status and outlook of the CareTaker physiological monitor, which utilizes PDA as its operational principle and has demonstrated compliance with several regulatory standards, are described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
O’Rourke MF, Yaginuma T. Wave reflections and the arterial pulse. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144(2):366–71.
Quick CM, Berger DS, Noordergraaf A. Constructive and destructive addition of forward and reflected arterial pulse waves. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001;280(4):H1519–27.
Söderström S, Sellgren J, Pontén J. Aortic and radial pulse contour: different effects of nitroglycerin and prostacyclin. Anesth Analg. 1999;89(3):566–72.
Olufsen MS, Peskin CS, Kim WY, Pedersen EM, Nadim A, Larsen J. Numerical simulation and experimental validation of blood flow in arteries with structured-tree outflow conditions. Ann Biomed Eng. 2000;28(11):1281–99.
McDonald DA. Blood flow in arteries. 4th ed. London: Arnold; 1998. p. 177.
Latham RD, et al. Regional wave travel and reflections along the human aorta: a study with six simultaneous micromanometric pressures. Circulation. 1985;72:1257–69.
Kriz J, et al. Force plate measurement of human hemodynamics. http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507135.
Greenwald SE, Carter AC, Berry CL. Effect of age on the in vitro reflection coefficient of the aortoiliac bifurcation in humans. Circulation. 1990;82(1):114–23.
Korteweg DJ. Über die Fortpflanzungsgesschwindigkeit des Schalles in elastischen Rohren. Ann Phys Chem. 1878;5:520–37.
Hallock P, Benson IC. Studies on the elastic properties of human isolated aorta. J Clin Investig. 1937;16:595–602.
Mukkamala R, Hahn JO, Inan OT, Mestha LK, Kim CS, Töreyin H, Kyal S. Toward ubiquitous blood pressure monitoring via pulse transit time: theory and practice. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2015;62(8):1879–901.
Anliker M, Histand MB, Ogden E. Dispersion and attenuation of small artificial pressure waves in the canine aorta. Circ Res. 1968;23(4):539–51.
Couceiro R, Carvalho P, Paiva RP, Henriques J, Quintal I, Antunes M, Muehlsteff J, Eickholt C, Brinkmeyer C, Kelm M, Meyer C. Assessment of cardiovascular function from multi-Gaussian fitting of a finger Photoplethysmogram. Physiol Meas. 2015;36(9):1801–25.
O’Rourke MF, Mancia G. Arterial stiffness. J Hypertens. 1999;17(1):1–4.
Takazawa K, Tanaka N, Fujita M, Matsuoka O, Saiki T, Aikawa M, Tamura S, Ibukiyama C. Assessment of vasoactive agents and vascular aging by the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform. Hypertension. 1998;32(2):365–70.
Lantelme P, Mestre C, Lievre M, Gressard A, Milon H. Heart rate: an important confounder of pulse wave velocity assessment. Hypertension. 2002;39(6):1083–7.
O’Rourke MF, Kelley RP, Avolio AP. The arterial pulse. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1992.
Esper SA, Pinsky MR. Arterial waveform analysis. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2014;28(4):363–80.
Chia CW, Saul JP, Lee CC, Mark RG. Monitoring the changes in peripheral vascular resistance using the shape of the radial blood pressure pulse. Comput Cardiol. 1992;19:567–70.
Irwin Gratz DO, Edward Deal DO, Francis Spitz MD, Baruch MC, Allen E, Seaman JE, Pukenas E, Jean S. Continuous non-invasive finger cuff CareTaker® comparable to invasive intra-arterial pressure in patients undergoing major intra-abdominal surgery. BMC Anesthesiol. 2017;17:48.
Baruch MC, Kalantari K, Gerdt DW, Adkins CM. Validation of the pulse decomposition analysis algorithm using central arterial blood pressure. Biomed Eng Online. 2014;13:96.
Phillips AA, Burr J, Cote AT, Foulds HJ, Charlesworth S, Bredin SS, Warburton DE. Comparing the Finapres and CareTaker systems for measuring pulse transit time before and after exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2012;33(2):130–6.
Williams B, et al. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation. 2006;113(9):1213–25.
Low PA. “Laboratory evaluation of autonomic function.” Clinical autonomic disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997. p. 186–7.
Baruch MC, Warburton DE, Bredin SS, Cote A, Gerdt DW, Adkins CM. Pulse decomposition analysis of the digital arterial pulse during hemorrhage simulation. Nonlinear Biomed Phys. 2011;5(1):1.
Gratz I, et al. A predictive model for the development of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section patients based on arterial stiffness (AS) calculated by a continuous blood pressure device (CareTaker). American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting 2018, Abstract Number: A3033.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Baruch, M.C. (2019). Pulse Decomposition Analysis Techniques. In: Solà, J., Delgado-Gonzalo, R. (eds) The Handbook of Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24701-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24701-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-24700-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24701-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)