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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis

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Clinical Neuroimmunology

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Neurology ((CCNEU))

Abstract

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an established and routine examination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Currently, the MRI-derived metrics are the most sensitive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MS patients. The accumulating evidence of previously undetected widespread disease activity and progressive neurodegeneration emphasizes the need for better understanding of the disease pathophysiology. This review addresses the significance of a large variety of nonconventional MRI techniques including measurement of brain atrophy, use of iron-based contrast agents, magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), functional MRI (fMRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), and quantitative MRI (qMRI). Their future perspectives in use for clinical MS and new drug discovery are also discussed. Before clinical implementation of the nonconventional MRI modalities, further standardization is still warranted.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Ferdinand Schweser (University at Buffalo, BNAC) and Tom Fuchs (University at Buffalo, BNAC) for providing the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) figures, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Buffalo General Hospital, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Dejan Jakimovski, Deepa P. Ramasamy & Robert Zivadinov

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  1. Dejan Jakimovski
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  2. Deepa P. Ramasamy
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  3. Robert Zivadinov
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Correspondence to Robert Zivadinov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown Neurology, Providence, RI, USA

    Syed A. Rizvi

  2. Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Brown Neurology, Providence, RI, USA

    Jonathan F. Cahill

  3. Department of Neurology, MS Comprehensive Care Center, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Patricia K. Coyle

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Jakimovski, D., Ramasamy, D.P., Zivadinov, R. (2020). Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Rizvi, S., Cahill, J., Coyle, P. (eds) Clinical Neuroimmunology. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24436-1_6

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