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Liver Diseases pp 197–204Cite as

Non-B, Non-C Viral Hepatitis

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Abstract

Non-B/non-C viral hepatitis can be caused by the three well characterized hepatotropic viruses: hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Their epidemiology as well as their pathogenesis have been studied in great detail. Further, the structure and genetic organization of their RNA genomes including the viral life cycle have been elucidated. These discoveries have been successfully translated into important clinical applications, such as the specific diagnosis, therapy and prevention of the associated liver diseases, including acute or fulminant hepatitis as well as for chronic hepatitis D and E, respectively, their long-term sequelae liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

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Acknowledgments

Conflict of interests: The author declares no conflict of interest.

Financial disclosure: The author has no financing to disclose.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Hubert E. Blum

Authors
  1. Hubert E. Blum
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Correspondence to Hubert E. Blum .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania

    Florentina Radu-Ionita

  2. New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA

    Nikolaos T. Pyrsopoulos

  3. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania

    Mariana Jinga

  4. Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania

    Ion C. Tintoiu

  5. Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia

    Zhonghua Sun

  6. “Prof. C.C. Iliescu” Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania

    Ecaterina Bontas

Self Study

Self Study

1.1 Question

  1. 1.

    Which statement is true?

    1. (a)

      HAV infection occurs worldwide and shows a distinct geographic distribution with a high prevalence in Western Europe.

    2. (b)

      in acute HAV infection, after incubation period, patients complain of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever and abdominal pain.

    3. (c)

      HDV infection is not associated with HBV infection.

    4. (d)

      the majority of patients with HEV develop severe acute hepatic failure

1.2 Answer

  1. 1.

    Which statement is true?

    1. (a)

      HAV infection occurs worldwide and shows a distinct geographic distribution with a high prevalence in sub-Saharan-Africa, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, and very low prevalence in Western Europe, Scandinavia, North America and Australia.

    2. (b)

      CORRECT. In acute HAV infection, after an incubation period of 15–50 days, more than 70% of patients complain of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fever and abdominal pain, followed by jaundice and pruritus.

    3. (c)

      HDV infection is caused by a defective RNA virus and is always associated with HBV infection.

    4. (d)

      the majority of patients clear HEV spontaneously some patients may develop a complicated course, such as acute liver failure, cholestatic hepatitis or chronic HEV Infection.

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Blum, H.E. (2020). Non-B, Non-C Viral Hepatitis. In: Radu-Ionita, F., Pyrsopoulos, N., Jinga, M., Tintoiu, I., Sun, Z., Bontas, E. (eds) Liver Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_18

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24432-3

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