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Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology pp 293–323Cite as

Pediatric Thoracic Oncology Disorders

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Abstract

Primary thoracic neoplasms in children can arise within the lung, central airway, chest wall, or mediastinum. Malignant lesions are much more common than benign processes. However, metastatic tumors account for up to 80% of all lung tumors in children and more than 95% of the malignant ones. Due to the rarity and nonspecific presenting clinical symptoms of thoracic neoplasms in the pediatric population, a substantial delay in the diagnosis often occurs. Therefore, a high index of suspicion coupled with optimal imaging evaluation is of paramount importance in early and correct diagnosis. Early management can, in turn, result in decreased morbidity and mortality associated with the lung, central airway, chest wall, and mediastinal neoplasms in pediatric patients. The prognosis of thoracic tumors in children varies depending on the malignant nature of the tumor, evidence of metastasis, and amenability to surgical excision. In this chapter, we discuss pediatric lung, central airway, chest wall, and mediastinal neoplasms including (1) clinical presentation, (2) practical approach to diagnosis, (3) radiological imaging findings, and (4) patient outcome.

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Acknowledgment

The author of this chapter would like to sincerely thank the previous authors, Benjamin A. Nelson, MD and Shashi H. Ranganath, MD, involved with previous edition of this chapter.

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    Edward Y. Lee

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    Robert H. Cleveland

  2. Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Y. Lee

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Lee, E.Y. (2020). Pediatric Thoracic Oncology Disorders. In: Cleveland, R., Lee, E. (eds) Imaging in Pediatric Pulmonology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23979-4_15

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