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Conclusion

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The UN Security Council and International Criminal Tribunals: Procedure Matters

Part of the book series: Studies in Global Justice ((JUST,volume 20))

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Abstract

The Conclusion summarizes the question, the methodology, the main argument and the contributions of this book. It presents a short case study of the UNSC’s response to the atrocities in Darfur to illustrate how the three step argument of this book comes together into one UNSC decision. Finally, it develops theoretical and policy implications of the findings of this book.

The United States is obliged by international law to investigate its citizens suspected of engaging in torture, but even if it does not, Americans who ordered or carried out torture can be prosecuted abroad, by legal bodies including the International Criminal Court, legal experts say.

Whether they will be is another question. That’s largely a political determination.

Somini Sengupta, New York Times, December 10, 2014.

(Sengupta, New York Times (December 10, 2014))

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See e.g. Powell’s interview on June 30th, 2004, in Totten and Markusen (2006, p.113).

  2. 2.

    Totten and Markusen (2006, p. xiii).

  3. 3.

    H.Con. R. 467—S.Con.R. 124 (July 22, 2004).

  4. 4.

    Article VIII reads: “Any Contracting Party may call upon the competent organs of the United Nations to take such action under the Charter of the United Nations as they consider appropriate for the prevention and suppression of acts of genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III.”

  5. 5.

    Totten and Markusen (2006, p.123).

  6. 6.

    S/RES/1564 (September 18, 2004).

  7. 7.

    S/2004/812 (October 4, 2004).

  8. 8.

    Report on Darfur (2005).

  9. 9.

    Report on Darfur (2005, p. 3).

  10. 10.

    Report on Darfur (2005, p. 132). The commission concluded that the Government’s policy:

    does not evince a specific intent to annihilate, in whole or in part, a group distinguished on racial, ethnic, national or religious grounds. Rather, it would seem that those who planned and organized attacks on villages pursued the intent to drive the victims from their homes, primarily for purposes of counter-insurgency warfare.

  11. 11.

    Report on Darfur (2005, p. 161).

  12. 12.

    Report on Darfur (2005, p. 162).

  13. 13.

    Report on Darfur (2005, p. 148).

  14. 14.

    S/2005/68 (February 4, 2005).

  15. 15.

    S.PV/5120 (February 8, 2005).

  16. 16.

    S.PV/5125 (February 16, 2005).

  17. 17.

    Scheffer (1999); Schabas (2004).

  18. 18.

    E.g. Kelley (2007).

  19. 19.

    The American Service-Members’ Protection Act (2002).

  20. 20.

    S/RES/1591 (2005).

  21. 21.

    Haas (1992); Adler and Haas (1992).

  22. 22.

    Snyder and Vinjamuri (2003).

  23. 23.

    Akhavan (2009).

  24. 24.

    Nettelfield (2010).

  25. 25.

    Akhavan (2001); Roth (1998); Orentlicher (1991).

  26. 26.

    Snyder and Vinjamuri (2003); Elster (1998); Nino (1996).

  27. 27.

    Minow (1998); van Zyl (2002).

  28. 28.

    Bassiouni (1996); Minow (2000).

  29. 29.

    Abbott (2009); Kissinger (2001); Snyder and Vinjamuri (2003).

  30. 30.

    Interviews: 1, 3, 10, 14, 20.

  31. 31.

    Interviews: 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 14.

  32. 32.

    Interviews: 1, 2, 3, 10, 14, 20.

  33. 33.

    In dealing, for example, with the 1994 atrocities in Rwanda, Colin Keating, Ambassador from New Zealand, and Karel Kovanda, Ambassador from the Czech Republic, had more discretion than their P5 colleagues. See Interview 7; Kovanda (2010).

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      Authors and Affiliations

      1. Stamford, CT, USA

        Christodoulos Kaoutzanis

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      Kaoutzanis, C. (2020). Conclusion. In: The UN Security Council and International Criminal Tribunals: Procedure Matters . Studies in Global Justice, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23777-6_8

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