Abstract
In this chapter, we sought to analyse the racial formation of white Australian identities. In so doing, we drew upon a social constructionist approach. The book is placed in the context of hegemonic narratives that shape white Australian identities. This is an empirical study of how white Australians construct their identities in their everyday lives, in a specific time and locality. The ethnographic method, described in this chapter, is best suited to collect qualitative data on and from the subjects to gain insight into their daily cultural practices and social relations. Frankenberg’s use of a theoretical analysis of race, racism, and colonialism to apply a substantive analysis of these processes in the daily life experiences of the women she interviews is used to explore how white identities describe race and cultural difference and how their descriptions reflect different moments in the history of race.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Altman, J., & Hinkson, M. (2007). Coercive reconciliation: Stabilise, normalise, exit Aboriginal Australia. North Carlton, VIC, Australia: Arena Publication.
Amnesty International. (2009). Mandatory detention in Australia. Sydney: Amnesty International Australia.
Beoku-Betts, J. (1994). When black is not enough: Doing field research among Gullah women. NWSA, 6(3), 423–433.
Best, A. L. (2003). Doing race in the context of feminist interviewing: Constructing whiteness through talk. Qualitative Inquiry, 9(6), 895–914.
Blee, K. M. (2000). White on white: Interviewing women in U.S. white supremacist groups. In F. W. Twine, & J. W. Warren (Eds.), Racing research researching race: Methodological dilemmas in critical race studies. New York and London: New York University Press.
Brown, J. (1998). Black Liverpool, Black America, and the gendering of diasporic space. Cultural Anthropology, 13(3), 291–325.
Bryant, L., & Pini, B. (2011, January). Gender and rurality (Routledge international studies of women and place). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203848289.
Bulbeck, C. (2004). The white worrier in South Australia: Attitudes to multiculturalism, immigration and reconciliation. Journal of Sociology, 40(4), 341–361.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: Sage.
Curthoys, A., Genovese, A., & Reilly, A. (2008). Rights and redemption: History, law and Indigenous people. Sydney, NSW, Australia: University of New South Wales Press.
Dunn, K., Hanna, B., & Thompson, S. (2001). The local politics of difference: An examination of intercommunal relations policy in Australian Local Government. Environment and Planning, 33(9), 1577–1595.
Elder, C. (2007). Being Australian: Narratives of national identity. Crows Nest, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Elder, C., Ellis, C., & Pratt, A. (2004). Whiteness in constructions of Australian nationhood: Indigenes, immigrants and governmentality. In A. Moreton-Robinson (Ed.), Whitening race: Essays in social and cultural criticism. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Aboriginal Studies Press.
Fine, M. (1992). Disruptive voices: The possibilities of feminist research. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Frankenberg, R. (1993). White women, race matters: The social construction of whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Frankenberg, R. (1997). Displacing whiteness: Essays in social and cultural criticism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Fredericks, B. (2007). Which way Indigenous health: Reflections on the past, present and future. In Indigenous Health Lecture. Adelaide: Aboriginal Health Research Unit, Flinders University of South Australia.
Gray, A. (2003). Research practice for cultural studies: Ethnographic methods and lived cultures. London: Sage.
Hartigan, J. (Jr.). (1997a). Establishing the fact of whiteness. American Anthropologist, 2(99), 495–505. Retrieved from https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1525/aa.1997.99.3.495.
Hartigan, J. (Jr.). (1997b). Locating white Detroit. In R. Frankenberg (Ed.), Displacing whiteness: Essays in social and cultural criticism (pp.180–213). Durham and London: Duke University Press.
Hartigan, J. (Jr.). (2005). Odd tribes: Toward a cultural analysis of white people. Durham: Duke University Press.
Hollinsworth, D. (2003). Race and racism in Australia. Katoomba, NSW, Australia: Social Science Press.
Holloway, S. L. (2007). Burning issues: Whiteness, rurality and the politics of difference. Geoforum, 38(1), 7–20.
Hubbard, P. (2005). Inappropriate and incongruous: Opposition to Asylum Centres in the English countryside. Journal of Rural Studies, 21(1), 389–398.
Imtoual, A. (2006). I didn’t know if it was illegal for her to talk about my religion in a job interview: Young Muslim women’s experiences of religious racism in Australia. Australian Religion Studies Review, 19(2), 189–206.
Imtoual, A. (2007a). Cover your face for the photograph please: Gender issues, the media and Muslim women in Australia. In M. Allen & R. K. Dhawan (Eds.),Intersections: Gender, race and ethnicity in Australian studies (pp. 23–36). New Delhi: Prestige Books in collaboration with Association for the Study of Australasia in Asia.
Imtoual, A. (2007b). Is being Australian about being white? Australian whiteness, national identity and Muslim women. In D. Riggs (Ed.), Taking up the challenge: Critical whiteness studies in a postcolonising nation. Adealiade, SA, Australia: Crawford House Publishing.
Kendall, G., & Wickham, G. (1999). Using Foucault’s methods: Introducing qualitative methods. London: Sage.
Koerner, C., Tur, S. U., & Wilson, C. (2009). Bringing Indigenous Sovereignties into university-community partnerships: Unpacking racialisation to re-engage Indigenous Australian students in education. In B. Baird & D. Riggs (Eds.), Transforming bodies, nations and knowledges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lake, M., & Reynolds, H. (2008). Drawing the global colour line: White men’s countries and the international challenge of racial equality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lentin, A. (2017). (Not) doing race: “casual racism”, “bystander antiracism” and “ordinariness” in Australian racism studies. In M. Boese & V. Marotta (Eds.), Critical reflections on migration, ‘race’ and multiculturalism: Australia in a global context (pp. 125–142). Abingdon: Routledge.
Manne, R. (2004). The Howard years: A political interpretation. In R. Manne (Ed.), The Howard years. Melbourne, VIC, Australia: Black Inc. Agenda.
Marotta, V. (2018, November 19–22). The ‘migrant experience’: A conceptual discussion. TASA Conference 2018: Precarity, Rights and Resistance, The Australian Sociology Association (TASA), Melbourne, Australia.
McRobbie, A. (1992). Post-Marxism and cultural studies: A post-script. In L. Grossberg, C. Nelson, & P. Treichler (Eds.), Cultural studies. New York: Routledge.
Moreton-Robinson, A. (2006a). Keynote address. The Border Politics of Whiteness, Australian Critical Race and Whiteness Studies Association (now CRAWSA), Brisbane, Australia.
Moreton-Robinson, A. (2006b). Towards a new research agenda? Foucault, whiteness and Indigenous sovereignty. Journal of Sociology, 42(4), 383–395.
Moreton-Robinson, A. (2006c). Whiteness matters: Implications of “Talkin’ up to the white woman”. Australian Feminist Studies, 25, 245–256.
Moreton-Robinson, A. (2015). The white possessive: Property, power and Indigenous sovereignty. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Moreton-Robinson, A. (2018, July 7). Unsettling white Australia: Sovereignty, homelessness and the nature of Indigenous belonging. Religion & Ethics. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/religion/unsettling-white-australia-sovereignty-homelessness-and-the-natu/10094552.
Neal, S. (2002). Rural landscapes, representation and racism: Examining multicultural citizenship and policy-making in the English countryside. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25(3), 442–461.
Neal, S., & Walters, S. (2008). Rural be/longing and rural social organisations. Sociology, 42(2), 279–297.
Nelson, I. (2008). Racialised landscapes. Cultural Geographies, 15(1), 41–62.
Nicolacopoulos, T., & Vassilacopoulos, G. (2014). Indigenous sovereignty and the being of the occupier: Manifesto for a white Australian philosophy of origins. Prahran, VIC, Australia: Re-Press.
Nicoll, F. (2000). Indigenous sovereignty and the violence of perspective: A white woman’s coming out story. Australian Feminist Studies, 15(33), 369–386. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713611981.
Nicoll, F. J. (2001). From diggers to drag queens: Configurations of Australian national identity. Annandale, NSW, Australia: Pluto Press Australia.
Nicoll, F. J. (2007). Are you calling me a racist? Teaching critical race and whiteness studies in a postcolonising nation. In D. Riggs, (Ed.), Taking up the challenge: Critical race and whiteness studies in a postcolonising nation. Adelaide: Crawford Publishing House.
Pascoe, B. (2017). Bruce Pascoe on Aboriginal culture and history. In State Library Victoria (Ed.), Stephen-Murray Smith memorial lecture. Melbourne: State Library Victoria. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB1-oilD3IU.
Pascoe, B. (2018a). Aboriginal Australians, the first agriculturalists. In T. Talks (Ed.), TEDX Talks. Sydney: TedX Talks. Retrieved July 24, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqgrSSz7Htwc.
Pascoe, B. (2018b). Dark Emu: Aboriginal Australians the first agriculturalists. Broome, WA, Australia: Magabala Books Aboriginal Corporation. Retrieved from www.magabala.com.
Pini, B., & Bhopal, K. (2017). Racialising rural education. Race, ethnicity and education, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2015.1115620.
Razman, B., Pini, B., & Bryant, L. (2009). Reading and writing Indigeneity: Australian reflections. Journal of Rural Studies, 25(1), 435–443.
Read, P. (1998). Whose citizens? Whose country? In N. Peterson & W. Sanders (Eds.), Citizenship and Indigenous Australians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Read, P. (2000). Belonging: Australians, place and Aboriginal ownership. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reynolds, H. (1987). Frontier. Melbourne, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Reynolds, H. (1996a). Aboriginal sovereignty: Reflections on race, status and nation. St Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Reynolds, H. (1996b). Fate of a free people. Ringwood, VIC: Penguin.
Reynolds, H. (2001). The question of genocide in Australia’s history: An indelible stain? Ringwood, VIC, Australia: Viking.
Riggs, D. (2004a). Benevolence and the management of stake: On being ‘good white people’. Philament, 4. Retrieved from http://www.philamentjournal.com/issue4/riggs-benevolence/.
Riggs, D. (2004b). ‘We don’t talk about race anymore’: Power, privilege and critical whiteness studies. Borderlands E-Journal, 3(2), 1–8. Retrieved from http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2_2004/riggs_intro.htm.
Riggs, D. W. (2006). Priscilla, (white) queen of the desert: Queer rights/race privilege (Vol. 6). New York: Peter Lang.
Rigney, L. I. (2008). Indigenist research epistemologies. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Random House.
Schech, S., & Haggis, J. (2000). Migrancy, whiteness and the settler self in contemporary Australia. In J. Docker & G. Fischer (Eds.), Race, colour and identity in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
Schech, S., & Haggis, J. (2001). Migrancy, multiculturalism and whiteness: Re-charting core identities in Australia. Communal/Plural, 9(2), 143–159.
Schech, S., & Haggis, J. (2004). Terrains of migrancy and whiteness: How British migrants locate themselves in Australia. In A. Moreton-Robinson (Ed.), Whitening race: Essays in social and cultural criticism. Canberra, Australia: Aboriginal Studies Press.
Simpson, A. (2000). Paths toward a Mohawk nation: Narratives of citizenship and nationhood in Kahnawake. In D. Ivison, P. Patton, & W. Sanders (Eds.), Political theory and the rights of Indigenous people. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Simpson, A. (2014). Mohawk interruptus: Political life across the borders of settler states. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Sizememore, D. S. (2004). Ethnic inclusion and exclusion. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 33(5), 534–570.
Tascon, S. M. (2008). Narratives of race and nation: Everyday whiteness in Australia. Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture, 14(2), 253–274.
Tuhiwai-Smith, L. (1999). Decolonising methodologies: Research and Indigenous people. New York: Zed Books.
Twine, F. W., & Warren, J. W. (2000). Racing research, researching race: Methodological dilemma in critical race studies. New York: New York University Press.
Van Maanen, J. (1988). Tales of the field. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Vass, G. (2014). The racialised educational landscape in Australia: Listening to the whispering elephant. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 17, 176–201.
Wadham, B. (2002). What does the white man want? White masculinities and Aboriginal reconciliation. In S. Pearce & V. Muller (Eds.), Studies in masculinities: Manning the next millennium. Evanston: Black Swan Press.
Wadham, B. (2004). Differentiating whiteness: White Australia, white masculinities and Aboriginal reconciliation. In A. Moreton-Robinson (Ed.), Whitening race: Essays in social and cultural criticism. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Aboriginal Studies Press.
Watson, I. (2002). Looking at you looking at me: An Aboriginal history of the South East. Adelaide, SA, Australia: Self Published.
Watson, I. (2015). Aboriginal peoples, colonialism and international law. Milton Park: Routledge.
Watson, I. (2018). Thinking relationally about race, blackness and Indigeneity in Australia. Keynote Lecture Symposium, Australian Critical Race and Whiteness Studies Australia (CRAWS), Sydney. Retrieved from https://acrawsa.org.au/2018/07/17/video-irene-watson-alexander-g-weheliye-keynote-lectures/.
Windschuttle, K. (2000). The break-up of Australia. Quadrant.
Wise, A., & Velayyutham, S. (2009). Everyday multiculturalism. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Koerner, C., Pillay, S. (2020). Methodological Insights. In: Governance and Multiculturalism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23740-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23740-0_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23739-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23740-0
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)