Abstract
The evolutionary origin and history of metazoan nervous systems has been at the heart of numerous scientific debates for well over a century. This has been a particularly difficult issue to resolve within the deuterostomes, chiefly due to the distinct neural architectures observed within this group of animals. Indeed, deuterosomes feature central nervous systems, apical organs, nerve cords, and basiepidermal nerve nets. Comparative analyses investigating the anatomy and molecular composition of deuterostome nervous systems have nonetheless succeeded in identifying a number of shared and derived features. These analyses have led to the elaboration of diverse theories about the origin and evolutionary history of deuterostome nervous systems. Here, we provide an overview of these distinct theories. Further, we argue that deciphering the adult nervous systems of representatives of all deuterostome phyla, including echinoderms, which have long been neglected in this type of surveys, will ultimately provide answers to the questions concerning the ancestry and evolution of deuterostome nervous systems.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Lucas Leclère for insightful discussions. Laurent Formery is indebted to the André Picard Network (ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02), the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research (2173/2015), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PE18758) for funding and support.
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Formery, L., Schubert, M., Croce, J.C. (2019). Ambulacrarians and the Ancestry of Deuterostome Nervous Systems. In: Tworzydlo, W., Bilinski, S. (eds) Evo-Devo: Non-model Species in Cell and Developmental Biology. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 68. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_3
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