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Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.): An Ideal Crop for Sustainable Agriculture

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes

Abstract

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is traditionally cultivated as an annual crop in semi-arid regions of the world. It has a number of characteristics such as diverse maturity time, drought tolerance and natural out-crossing which makes it unique among legumes. These traits not only allow its cultivation in diverse environments and cropping systems, but also permit implementation of different breeding methods. Pigeonpea is a crop of sustainable agriculture and poor crop management, exposure to diseases and pests coupled with unpredictable rains hinder crop improvement activities. However, recently partial out-crossing has been exploited to develop cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) based hybrid breeding technology. Thus far, three hybrids have been released for cultivation with yield advantages of 30–50% over standard varieties. Pigeonpea R&D now also enjoys a wealth of genomics resources such as a draft genome sequence, resequencing data, candidate genes and markers associated with key traits. Genomics and breeding efforts are underway to make pigeonpea a more sustainable crop and to unlock the genetic diversity present in germplasm to develop new cultivars rapidly.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the partner institutions and researchers who have contributed to pigeonpea research. For funding, the authors would like to thank CGIAR’s Generation Challenge Program; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Department of Agriculture Cooperation & Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India; Biotechnology Industry Partnership Program (BIPP); Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India. The work reported in this article was undertaken as a part of the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals. ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India

    Rachit K. Saxena, K. B. Saxena & Rajeev K. Varshney

Authors
  1. Rachit K. Saxena
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  2. K. B. Saxena
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  3. Rajeev K. Varshney
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Correspondence to Rachit K. Saxena .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Pigeonpea

Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Pigeonpea

Institution

Specialization and research activities

Contact information and website

Birsa Agricultural University

Plant Breeding and other crop improvement activities

Ramgarh- 834006, Jharkhand http://www.bauranchi.org/

Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University

Plant Breeding and other crop improvement activities

Hisar- 125004, Haryana http://hau.ac.in/index.php

College of Agriculture, Kalaburgi, UAS, Raichur

Plant Breeding, Entomology, Pathology

Aland Road, Kalaburgi- 585102, Karnataka http://www.uasraichur.edu.in/index.php/en/education/colleges/college-of-agriculture-kalaburgi

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University

Plant Breeding and other crop improvement activities

Samastipur- 848125, Pusa, Bihar https://www.rpcau.ac.in/

ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research

Plant Breeding, Entomology, Pathology, etc.

Kanpur- 208024, Uttar Pradesh http://iipr.res.in/

ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute

Plant Breeding and other crop improvement activities

Port Blair- 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands https://ciari.icar.gov.in/

ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute

Plant Breeding and other crop improvement activities

New Delhi- 110012, Delhi; http://www.iari.res.in/

ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources

Genetic Resources

New Delhi- 110012, Delhi www.nbpgr.ernet.in/

Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Krishak Nagar- 492012, Raipur, Chhattisgarh http://www.igau.edu.in/

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics

Plant Breeding, Genomics, Entomology, Pathology, Microbiology, Genetic Resources etc.

Hyderabad-502324; Telangana http://www.icrisat.org/

Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Rahuri- 413 722, Maharashtra http://mpkv.ac.in/

National Pulse Research Centre

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Puddukkottai- 622303; Tamilnadu

Punjab Rao Krishi Vidyapeeth

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Akola- 444104, Maharashtra http://www.pdkv.ac.in/

R.A.K. College of agriculture Sehore

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Sehore- 466001, Madhya Pradesh

Regional Agricultural Research Station

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Tirupati- 517 506, Andhra Pradesh

Regional Agricultural Research Station

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Warangal- 506007; Telangana

Regional Agriculture Research Station, Lam

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Guntur-522034, Andhra Pradesh

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Satsan- 385506, Gujarat http://sdau.edu.in/

VNMKV Agricultural Research Station, Badnapur

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Jalana- 431202, Maharashtra http://www.vnmkv.ac.in/

Zonal Agriculture Research Station

Plant Breeding other crop improvement activities

Khargone- 451001, Madhya Pradesh

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Saxena, R.K., Saxena, K.B., Varshney, R.K. (2019). Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.): An Ideal Crop for Sustainable Agriculture. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23400-3_11

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