Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a fixed brain injury occurring in early development, which can be mild to severe. Patients can have progression of urinary symptoms into adulthood, which often prompts an escalation in urologic care. In patients with severe CP, common findings include a hyperactive external urethral sphincter and detrusor overactivity. Patients can present in chronic retention with occasional large volume incontinence. Intermittent urethral catheterization is often not feasible secondary to lower extremity spasticity and elevated external sphincter tone. Common management options include chemodenervation of the external urethral sphincter or catheterizable channel creation with bladder augmentation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Christensen D, Van Naarden BK, Doernberg NS, Maenner MJ, Arneson CL, Durkin MS, et al. Prevalence of cerebral palsy, co-occurring autism spectrum disorders, and motor functioning – autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, USA, 2008. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014;56(1):59–65.
Sigurdardottir S, Eiriksdottir A, Gunnarsdottir E, Meintema M, Arnadottir U, Vik T. Cognitive profile in young Icelandic children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50(5):357–62.
Bottos M, Granato T, Allibrio G, Gioachin C, Puato ML. Prevalence of cerebral palsy in north-east Italy from 1965 to 1989. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999;41(1):26–39.
Dolk H, Parkes J, Hill N. Trends in the prevalence of cerebral palsy in Northern Ireland, 1981–1997. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(6):406–12; discussion 405
Riikonen R, Raumavirta S, Sinivuori E, Seppälä T. Changing pattern of cerebral palsy in the southwest region of Finland. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1989;78(4):581–7.
Nordmark E, Hägglund G, Lagergren J. Cerebral palsy in southern Sweden II. Gross motor function and disabilities. Acta Paediatr Oslo Nor 1992. 2001;90(11):1277–82.
Reid SM, Meehan EM, Arnup SJ, Reddihough DS. Intellectual disability in cerebral palsy: a population-based retrospective study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(7):687–94.
Morris C, Bartlett D. Gross motor function classification system: impact and utility. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;1(46):60–5.
Goldfarb RA, Pisansky A, Fleck J, Hoversten P, Cotter KJ, Katorski J, et al. Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in adults with cerebral palsy: outcomes following a conservative management approach. J Urol. 2016;195(4 Pt 1):1009–13.
Cotter KJ, Levy ME, Goldfarb RA, Liberman D, Katorski J, Myers JB, et al. Urodynamic findings in adults with moderate to severe cerebral palsy. Urology. 2016;95:216–21.
Pan D, Troy A, Rogerson J, Bolton D, Brown D, Lawrentschuk N. Long-term outcomes of external sphincterotomy in a spinal injured population. J Urol. 2009;181(2):705–9.
Stoffel JT. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia: a review of physiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5(1):127–35.
Narayan VM, Pariser JJ, Gor RA, Katorski J, Elliott SP. Bladder changes after catheterizable channel creation in adults with cerebral palsy who are in chronic urinary retention. Neurourol Urodyn. 2019;38(1):165–70.
Levy ME, Elliott SP. Reconstructive techniques for creation of catheterizable channels: tunneled and nipple valve channels. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5(1):136–44.
Barboglio Romo PG, Santiago-Lastra Y, Myers JB, Pathak P, Elliott SP, Cotter KJ, et al. Multi-institutional outcomes for simultaneous and staged urinary and fecal diversions in patients without cancer. Urology. 2018;118:202–7.
Cotter KJ, Gor RA, Kwaan MR, Fan Y, Pathak P, Myers JB, et al. Urinary diversion with vs without bowel anastomosis in patients with an existing colostomy: a multi-institutional study. Urology. 2017;109:190–4.
Prosser DP, Sharma N. Cerebral palsy and anaesthesia. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2010;10(3):72–6.
Fortuna RJ, Holub A, Turk MA, Meccarello J, Davidson PW. Health conditions, functional status and health care utilization in adults with cerebral palsy. Fam Pract. 2018;35(6):661–70.
Acknowledgments
None
Conflicts of Interest
None
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pariser, J.J., Elliott, S.P. (2020). Cerebral Palsy. In: Stoffel, J.T., Dray, E.V. (eds) Urological Care for Patients with Progressive Neurological Conditions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23277-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23277-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23276-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23277-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)