Abstract
This chapter is focused on the achievements and future prospects of cotton breeding and related biotechnology. Traditional plant breeding has been utilized for the development of pure-line selection for high yielding cotton genotypes in segregating generations through the pedigree method. Selection criteria include boll number plant−1, boll mass, sympodial branches and ginning outturn percentage. Plant breeder efforts have been fruitful in releasing cotton cultivars with high yield potential and superior lint quality traits. Traditional breeding efforts resulted in the increase of seed cotton yield and fiber length. The calculated increase in the yield potential was 1.34 kg ha−1 year−1. However, further genetic gains due to selection for high-yield potential reached a plateau in the last two decades and the recent increase in yield was due to better cotton husbandry techniques. Cotton ideotypes specifically for various agronomic and environmental conditions may be developed. Moreover, utilization of wild relatives for the introgression of disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance is proposed through traditional plant breeding along with molecular markers to reduce linkage drags due to wild relatives. These high yielding cultivars with superior agronomic and adaptability traits may be further used for the development of transgenics. Genome editing technique such as CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats: associated protein) is one of the emerging technologies to knock out genes or SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) substitution at specific site with future prospects for the development of disease resistant crop cultivars.
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Appendices
Appendices
1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Cotton Breeding and Biotechnology
Institution | Specialization and research activities | Contact information and website |
---|---|---|
Central cotton research institute, Multan, Pakistan | Varietal development, cotton yield management | |
Cotton research Institute, Nanjing University China | Cotton genomics and genetics | |
Central Institute for Cotton Research, India | Cotton varietal development, Integrated Pest Management | |
Institute of Cotton Research, China | Genetic breeding, germplasm resources, farming cultivation, plant protection, molecular biology | |
Cotton Research Institute, Zimbabwe | Cotton varietal development, Integrated Pest Management | https://www.gfar.net/organizations/cotton-research-institute-1 |
Australian Cotton Research Institute, Narrabari, USA | Biopesticide, Insecticide Resistance, Cotton Nutrition and Irrigation, Cotton Pathology | https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/about-us/research-development/centres/narrabri |
ACSA International Cotton Institute, USA | Basic education on all aspect of cotton | |
Cotton Research Institute, Egypt | Cotton breeding research, production and technology transfer | |
International Cotton Advisory Committee, USA | Cotton research and development policies formation | |
Cirad Agriculture Research Institute, France | Cotton germplasm, data bases | |
Uzbekt Research Institute, Uzbekistan | Cotton germplasm resources | https://en.yellowpages.uz/company/uzbek-scientific-research-institute-of-cotton |
Nazili Cotton Research Institute, Turkey | Cotton research and development | administrator@nazilli.tagem.gov.tr |
1.2 Appendix II: Cotton Genetic Resources
Cultivar | Important traits | Cultivation location |
---|---|---|
NexGen 5711 B3XF | Bollgard3 XtendFlex Cotton Technology, Smooth leaf, bacterial blight tolerance, and fiber | AMERICOT, USA |
ST 5517GLTP | Three-gene Bt technology of TwinLink Plus, bacterial blight resistance, and good storm tolerance | Stoneville, USA |
FM 1953GLTP | An early/medium maturity glyphosate tolerance LibertyLink TwinLink Plus variety, bacterial blight resistance, bollworm resistance and fall armyworm | Bayer, USA |
PHY 300W3FE | Early maturing, moderate water stress resistant, superior fiber quality | Phytogen, USA |
IUB2013, FH142, MNH886 | High yield potential, Cry1A genes, heat resistance, increased boll retention under heat stress | South Punjab, Pakistan |
Sicot 71 4B3F | High yield, fiber quality, wide regional adaptability, three transgenic trait Monsanto’s Bollgard II and RRFlex transgenic traits, providing both pest resistance and herbicide tolerance | CSIRO, Australia |
GIZA86 | High yield extra-long cotton having longest and thinnest fiber | Egypt |
ICS105 | High yield and adaptable varieties | Maharashtra, India |
FM 1944GLB2 | Broadly adapted to all cotton-growing region, Liberty® and glyphosate herbicide tolerant, Lepidopteran resistant | USA |
Gloria | High yield potential | Turkey |
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Rauf, S., Shehzad, M., Al-Khayri, J.M., Imran, H.M., Noorka, I.R. (2019). Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Breeding Strategies. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23265-8_2
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Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23264-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23265-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)