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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops pp 707–734Cite as

Vanilla (Vanilla spp.) Breeding

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Abstract

Vanilla planifolia is the botanical source of vanilla extract, but has not generally benefited from strategic plant breeding. V. planifolia was cultivated in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica for its desirable aroma, and spread globally by vegetative cuttings starting in the 1500s. In 1837 a method to artificially pollinate Vanilla flowers enabled commercial production outside the native range. Today, Madagascar leads Vanilla production with significant contributions from other nations. The mass propagation of a few foundational clones has resulted in a global industry reliant on a very narrow germplasm base with threats from multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, the lack of molecular, genomic and definitive phenotypic characterization inhibits improvement within this genus. The establishment of modern Vanilla breeding programs could leverage increasingly accessible technologies including advances in genomics and biotechnology to rapidly improve this species for high priority traits like disease resistance, total bean yield, pod uniformity, vigor, non-splitting pods, flower longevity, extract quality and flowers that are able to self-pollinate without manual intervention. While plant breeding is generally a long-term prospect, the potential benefits are justified by the increasing demand for premium ingredients like natural vanilla extract. In the future, genetic improvement of this species could result in more resilient and higher-quality cultivars that reduce price volatility, support growers, improve sustainability and excite modern consumers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tropical Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, USA

    Alan H. Chambers

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  1. Alan H. Chambers
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alan H. Chambers .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes and Online Resources Relevant to Vanilla

Institute name

Specialization Research Activities

Contact information

University of Florida Tropical Research and Education Center

Genetics, genomics, and plant breeding program. ~200 Vanilla accessions from multiple species

Alan Chambers, ac@ufl.edu

VATEL Biological Resources Center

~400 Vanilla accessions from multiple species including hybrids

Michel Grisoni, michel.grisoni@cirad.fr

Genetic Resources Center Vanille de Tahiti

~140 V. x tahitensis accessions for breeding and research

Sandra Lepers-Andrzejewski, sandra.lepers@vanilledetahiti.pf

National Laboratory for Genomics of Biodiversity

Mesoamerican crops and their wild relatives including 140 accessions of cultivated and wild Vanilla species

Angélica Cibrian Jaramillo, angelica.cibrian@cinvestav.mx

Unidad de manejo para la conservación de la Vida Silvestre

Vanilla germplasm management, maintenance, in vitro cultivation and producer training. 70 accessions

David Moreno Martínez, dmoreno29@hotmail.com

Orquidario de la Universidad Veracruzana

In vitro germplasm coordinator and orchid research and conservation. 14 accessions

Rebeca Menchaca García, rebecamenchaca@hotmail.com

Indian Institute of Spices Research

~300 Vanilla accessions

Bhas Sasikumar, bhaskaransasikumar@yahoo.com

1.2 Appendix II: Vanilla Genetic Resources

Cultivar or Morphotype

Important traits

Cultivation location

Handa

Selfed V. planifolia with resistance to Fusarium

Madagascar

Vaitsy

Possible V. planifolia x V. pompona hybrid

Madagascar

Albomarginata

V. planifolia Mansa’type with white leaf margins

Madagascar

Classique

Light green, flat leaves

Madagascar

Mexique

Darker, blue-colored leaves

Madagascar

Aiguille

Similar to Classique with more slender leaves and pods

Madagascar

Sterile

Similar to Classique yet with self-incompatibility

Madagascar

Mansa

Common commercial type of V. planifolia

Mexico

Oreja de Burro

Similar to Mansa but probably self-incompatible

Mexico

Variegata

Variegated V. planifolia

Mexico

Tahiti

Diploid V. x tahitensis

Tahiti

Parahurahu

Diploid V. x tahitensis

Tahiti

Rea rea

Diploid V. x tahitensis

Tahiti

Haapape

Probable autopolyploid of Tahiti

Tahiti

Tiarei

Tetraploid V. x tahitensis

Tahiti

  1. The morphotype accessions as described in the literature are most likely not exclusively distinct as those in different geographies may call the same genotype by different names, and genotypes that are genetically distinct may be called by the same name

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Chambers, A.H. (2019). Vanilla (Vanilla spp.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23265-8_18

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