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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops pp 637–673Cite as

Breeding Strategies for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genetic Improvement

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Abstract

Sunflower is well known as an important oilseed crop and also consumed roasted, as a confectionary and bird feed. The plant has been subjected to the improvement by plant breeders resulting in the yellow revolution in many countries. Russian plant breeders have improved the oil content of sunflower seed that converted this crop from a roadside plant to a world famous oilseed crop. The cultivated germplasm retains 50% of genetic diversity present in crop wild relatives. This may be threatened due to worldwide hybrid cultivation which shares common parentage and a source of cytoplasmic male sterility. Therefore, there is a need to use the available genetic diversity within cultivated and wild germplasm to develop pre-breeding lines and elite breeding material with good combining quality. Sunflower breeding involves development of breeding lines suitable for hybrid breeding, diseases, abiotic stress and herbicide resistance. These objectives are fulfilled by recurrent selection for population improvement. Wide crosses were made to transfer cytoplasmic male sterility, diseases, abiotic and Orobanche resistance. Moreover, induced mutations were used to create new genetic variability for diseases and herbicide resistance and reduction of plant height. Marker-assisted selection has been validated for rust resistance, downy mildew resistance, and oleic acid content and fertility restorer genes. Transgenic sunflower development could be used to enhance oil content and quality. Sunflower breeding will be greatly facilitated by genomic tools such as CRISPR/Cas and whole genome association mapping.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Saeed Rauf

Authors
  1. Saeed Rauf
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Sunflower

Institution

Specialization and research activities

Website

All Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, VNIIMK, Russia

Seed production, varietal development and testing, equipment for oil quality analyses, crop husbandry techniques

http://en.vniimk.ru/about/

Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey

Development of herbicide resistant hybrids

https://ttae.academia.edu/Departments/Sunflower/Documents

INRA Toulouse, France

Genetic resource of wild and cultivated sunflower, disease resistant breeding, genetic resistant against the broomrape

http://www.toulouse.inra.fr/en/contents/list/2519/inra_all/(word)/sunflower/(iLimit)/5/(type)/inra_actualite

Oilseed Research Institute, Faisalabad

Sunflower hybrid development for high yield and oil quality

https://aari.punjab.gov.pk/faqs_ori

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Serbia

Development of sunflower hybrids for high yield potential, high oleic acid, herbicide resistance and confectionary purpose

http://www.nsseme.com/en/products/?opt=oilcrops&cat=products

National Agriculture Technology Institute

Genetic resource and wild species, resistance against biotic stress and herbicide

https://inta.gob.ar/documentos/argentina-national-institute-of-agricultural-technology-inta

Sunflower and Plant Biology Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA

Genetic enhancement of yield and tolerance to biotic stress, novel weed management solutions

https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/fargo-nd/rrvarc/sun/

Indian Institute of oilseed Research India

Seed production, varietal development and testing, crop husbandry techniques

http://www.icar-iior.org.in/index.php/aicrp-centres/sunflower#

Institute for sustainable agriculture

Development of high quality sunflower genotype, mutation breeding

http://www.ias.csic.es/en/

Directorate of oilseed Research India

Germplasm resources, tissue culture, molecular genetics, disease resistant

http://icar-iior.org.in/index.php/component/content/frontpage

Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Iran

Genetic resources, molecular markers and disease resistance

https://www.gfar.net/organizations/seed-and-plant-improvement-institute

Oil crop research institute

Germplasm resource maintenance, breeding sunflower for various objectives

http://en.oilcrops.com.cn/

1.2 Appendix II: Sunflower Genetic Resources

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

Mas 88.OL

Mas 83. R

High oleic acid

Broom rape E tolerant

Maïsadour Semences SA, France – Europe

Parsun-3

High yield and stress tolerance

NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan

DRSH-1 (PCSH 243)

High yield

India

PHB 65A70

High yield, early maturity and resistant to disease

DUPONT, Pioneer, South Africa

7111

CLEARFIELD , Herbicide resistance

Syngenta, World wide

3080

NUSUN Mid oleic acid (55-75)

USA

Camaro II

NUSUN CLEARFIELD Mid oleic acid and herbicide resistance

USA

432E

DuPont ExpressSun (Herbicide resistant)

USA

E76437

High oleic acid, CLEARFIELD

USA

6946 DMR

Downey mildew resistant

Canada

Jaguar DMR

CLEARFIELD and Downey mildew resistant

Canada

PARAISO 1000

CLEARFIELD PLUS and disease resistant

Germany

VELEKA

Orobanche resistant hybrid

Germany

VNIIMK 6540 (k-1872), VNIIMK 8883 (k-1961), VNIIMK 8931 (k-1942), Armavirskii 1813 (k-1588), Armavirskii 3497 (k-1960)

High oil contents (47–51%)

Russia

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Rauf, S. (2019). Breeding Strategies for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genetic Improvement. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23265-8_16

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