Skip to main content

Global Catholicism and the Open Society: A Final Statistical Synopsis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Global Catholicism, Tolerance and the Open Society
  • 181 Accesses

Abstract

Summarizing our results and putting them into perspective with new and especially designed statistical analyses developed for the aims of this chapter, we first of all emphasize that differences between cultures are far less decisive than differences between countries in determining value development. There is a breathtaking variety of active Catholicism around the world.

In terms of the combined performance on our new Nostra Aetate Index (Chap. 3), our new Civil Society Index (Chap. 4), overall religious tolerance (Chap. 5), and tolerance of homosexuality (Chap. 6), the US Catholic community leads the international comparison of countries with complete data, followed by the Dominicantes in Germany, Chile, Argentina, and Poland, while the Dominicantes in Spain, Slovenia, and Mexico are in the lower ranks in our comparison of Catholic overall tolerance.

We also emphasize in this chapter that liberation theology must become a global theology of tolerance. We debate the neoliberal critique of liberation theology and highlight accepting free competition has an overwhelming consequence for other Open Society attitudes.

We conclude this chapter by a summary of the best- and worst-practice models of global Catholicism in the light of our analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    As to the variable definitions and their sources, see Tausch and Heshmati (2013) and Tausch (2019).

Literature

  • Adamczyk, A. (2017). Cross-national public opinion about homosexuality. Examining attitudes across the globe. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adamczyk, A., & Pitt, C. (2009). Shaping attitudes about homosexuality: The role of religion and cultural context. Social Science Research, 38(2), 338–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, A. C., & Welzel, C. (2011). Islam and patriarchy: How robust is Muslim support for patriarchal values? International Review of Sociology, 21(2), 249–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, A. C., Inglehart, R. F., & Welzel, C. (2012). Measuring effective democracy: A defense. International Political Science Review, 33(1), 41–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R. J. (2003). Religion adherence data. Harvard University, Department of Economics. https://scholar.harvard.edu/Barro/publications/religion-adherence-data

  • Barro, R. J. (2004). Spirit of capitalism religion and economic development. Harvard International Review, 25(4), 64–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R. J., & McCleary, R. M. (2003). Religion and economic growth across countries. American Sociological Review, 68(5), 760–781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bytwerk, R. L. (2015). Believing in “Inner Truth”: The protocols of the elders of Zion in Nazi Propaganda, 1933–1945. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 29(2), 212–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giorgi, L., & Marsh, C. (1990). The Protestant work ethic as a cultural phenomenon. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20(6), 499–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, A. (1991). Modern Catholicism: Vatican II and after. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, D. (2009). Catholicism and the roots of Nazism: Religious identity and national socialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G., & Minkov, M. (2010). Long- versus short-term orientation: New perspectives. Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(4), 493–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (Rev. and Expanded 3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F. (1988). The renaissance of political culture. American Political Science Review, 82(04), 1203–1230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F. (1990). Culture shift in advanced industrial countries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F. (2000). Globalization and postmodern values. Washington Quarterly, 23(1), 215–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F. (2006). Mapping global values. Comparative Sociology, 5(2), 115–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F. (2008). Changing values among western publics from 1970 to 2006. West European Politics, 31(1–2), 130–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F. (2015). The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19–51. Download April 10, 2019, from http://my.fit.edu/~gabrenya/cultural/readings/Inglehart-Baker-2000.pdf

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2003). Rising tide: Gender equality and cultural change around the world. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2009, November 4). The true clash of civilizations. Foreign Policy. Download April 10, 2019, from http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/11/04/the-true-clash-of-civilizations/

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2012). The four horsemen of the apocalypse: Understanding human security. Scandinavian Political Studies, 35(1), 71–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Norris, P. (2016). Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. Download April 10, 2019, from SSRN: http://ssrn. com/abstract=2818659 HKS Working Paper No. RWP16-026.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Welzel, C. (2003). Political culture and democracy: Analyzing cross-level linkages. Comparative Politics, 36(1), 61–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Welzel C. (2009, March, April). How Development leads to democracy. What we know about modernization. Foreign Affairs. Download April 10, 2019, from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64821/ronald-inglehart-and-christian-welzel/how-development-leads-to-democracy

  • Inglehart, R. F., & Welzel, C. (2010). Changing mass priorities: The link between modernization and democracy. Perspectives on Politics, 8(02), 551–567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. F., Ponarin, E., & Inglehart, R. C. (2017). Cultural change, slow and fast: The distinctive trajectory of norms governing gender equality and sexual orientation. Social Forces, 95(4), 1313–1340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappler, S., Hancock, K., & Plante, T. G. (2013). Roman Catholic gay priests: Internalized homophobia, sexual identity, and psychological well-being. Pastoral Psychology, 62(6), 805–826.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuznets, S. (1976). Modern economic growth: Rate, structure and spread. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maritain, J. (1936). Humanisme integral. Problemes temporels et spirituels d’une nouvelle chretiente. Paris: Aubier. 334 S. 8°. Aubier

    Google Scholar 

  • Maritain, J. (2012). Christianity and democracy, the rights of man and natural law. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, A., Tausch, A., Zulehner, P. M., & Wickens, H. (Eds.). (2000). Global capitalism, liberation theology, and the social sciences: An analysis of the contradictions of modernity at the turn of the millennium. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phayer, M. (2000). The Catholic Church and the Holocaust (pp. 1930–1965). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phayer, M. (2001). Totalitarianism: Questions about Catholic Resistance. Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture, 70(02), 328–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plant, R. (2011). The pink triangle: The Nazi war against homosexuals. New York: Holt Paperbacks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittner, C., & Roth, J. K. (Eds.). (2016). Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. New: London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tausch, A. (2011). El Papa ¿Cuántas Divisiones Tiene? Sondeo Global del Catolicismo Mundial Según el ‘World Values Survey’ y el ‘European Social Survey’. E-Book N° 49 Centro Argentino de Estudios Internacionales (in Spanish) [English Title: ‘The Pope – How Many Divisions Does He Have?’ a First Global Survey of World Catholicism Based on the ‘World Values Survey’ and the ‘European Social Survey’]. Download April 10, 2019, from http://www.caei.com.ar/es/irebooks.htm

  • Tausch, A. (2014, Fall). The new global antisemitism: Implications from the recent Adl-100 data. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 18(3).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tausch, A. (2017). Global Catholicism in the age of mass migration and the rise of populism: Comparative analyses, based on recent World Values Survey and European Social Survey Data (September 20, 2017). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2875289

  • Tausch, A. (2019). Migration from the Muslim World to the West: Its most recent trends and effects. Jewish Political Studies Review (Jerusalem), 30. Download June 15, 2019, from http://jcpa.org/jewish-political-studies-review-home/

  • Tausch, A., & Heshmati, A. (2013). Globalization, the human condition, and sustainable development in the twenty-first century: Cross-national perspectives and European implications. London: Anthem.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tausch, A., Heshmati, A., & Karoui, H. (2014). The political algebra of global value change: General models and implications for the Muslim world. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Hayek, F. A. (1960). The constitution of liberty. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Hayek, F. A. (2012). Law, legislation and liberty: A new statement of the liberal principles of justice and political economy. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Hayek, F. A., & Bartley, W. W. (1988). The fatal conceit: The errors of socialism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, M. (1964 [1922]). The sociology of religion (E. Fischoff, Trans.) Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2017). World Bank open data. Washington, DC: World Bank: data.worldbank.org

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tausch, A., Obirek, S. (2020). Global Catholicism and the Open Society: A Final Statistical Synopsis. In: Global Catholicism, Tolerance and the Open Society. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23239-9_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23239-9_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23238-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23239-9

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics