Abstract
Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are the most prevalent degenerative skeletal diseases in the elderly. Deregulated osteoblast and chondrocyte behavior are prominent cellular features of these disorders. Organelle dysfunction disturbs cell survival and differentiation capacity, accelerating bone mass and articular cartilage loss. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a mitochondrial chaperonin essential to mitochondrial integrity and proteostasis. Its function to skeletal tissue homeostasis and degeneration warrants systemic characterization. Here, we highlight the merging evidence in regard to the involvement of this chaperonin in mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, and post-translational modification of bioactive proteins, contributing to tissue homeostasis, deterioration, and tumorigenesis in various physiological and pathological contexts. This article sheds a new light on the beneficial actions of HSP60 to osteoblast autophagy that protects bone tissue against osteoporosis development. We also offer a productive insight into how this chaperone protein sustains chondrocyte function to facilitate cartilage development and slow down osteoarthritis progression.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- μCT:
-
microcomputed tomography
- Acetyl CoA:
-
acetyl coenzyme A
- ADP:
-
adenosine diphosphate
- AMPK:
-
AMP-activated protein kinase
- Atg:
-
autophagy related proteins
- ATP:
-
adenosine triphosphate
- Bax:
-
BCL2 associated X apoptosis regulator
- BNIP3:
-
BCL2 interacting protein 3
- DKK-1:
-
dickkopf-1
- ERK:
-
extracellular regulated MAP kinase
- FOXO:
-
forkhead box subgroup O
- HDAC1:
-
histone deacetylase 1
- HSP60:
-
heat shock protein 60
- HSPd1:
-
heat shock protein family D member 1
- IGF-1:
-
insulin-like growth factor-1
- IL-1β:
-
interleukin-1β
- LC3:
-
microtubule associates protein 1 light chain 3 alpha
- MMP:
-
matrix metalloproteinases
- MSC:
-
mesenchymal stem cells
- mtDNA:
-
mitochondrial DNA
- mTOR:
-
mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase
- NAD+:
-
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NRF:
-
nuclear respiratory factor
- OA:
-
osteoarthritis
- O-GlcNAc:
-
O-linked N-acetylaglucosamine
- PGC-1α:
-
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α
- PGK:
-
phosphoglycerates kinase
- PINK1:
-
PTEN induced kinase 1
- PKA:
-
protein kinase A
- PP2A:
-
serine-threonine protein phosphatase 2A
- PTM:
-
post-translational modification reactions
- RANKL:
-
receptor activator nuclear factor-κ ligand
- REDD1:
-
DNA damage inducible transcript 4
- RPTOR:
-
regulator-associated protein of mTOR complex 1
- SOX9:
-
SRY-box 9
- TCA:
-
tricarboxylic acid
- SUMO:
-
small ubiquitin like modifier proteins
- TFAM:
-
mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TGF-β1:
-
transforming growth factor-β1
- TNF-α:
-
tumor necrosis factor-α
- ULK1:
-
unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase
References
Alvarez-Garcia O, Matsuzaki T, Olmer M, Plate L, Kelly JW, Lotz MK (2017) Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 deficiency impairs autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in articular cartilage and increases the severity of experimental osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 69:1418–1428
Arlet JB, Ribeil JA, Guillem F et al (2014) HSP70 sequestration by free alpha-globin promotes ineffective erythropoiesis in beta-thalassaemia. Nature 514:242–246
Arya RK, Singh A, Yadav NK et al (2015) Anti-breast tumor activity of Eclipta extract in-vitro and in-vivo: novel evidence of endoplasmic reticulum specific localization of Hsp60 during apoptosis. Sci Rep 5:18457
Ashrafi G, Schwarz TL (2013) The pathways of mitophagy for quality control and clearance of mitochondria. Cell Death Differ 20:31–42
Berger E, Rath E, Yuan D et al (2016) Mitochondrial function controls intestinal epithelial stemness and proliferation. Nat Commun 7:13171
Bertero E, Maack C (2018) Metabolic remodelling in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 15:457–470
Blanco FJ, Valdes AM, Rego-Perez I (2018) Mitochondrial DNA variation and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis phenotypes. Nat Rev Rheumatol 14:327–340
Bodnar M, Luczak M, Bednarek K et al (2016) Proteomic profiling identifies the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) protein as a potential biomarker of metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Amino Acids 48:1469–1476
Bross P, Magnoni R, Bie AS (2012) Molecular chaperone disorders: defective Hsp60 in neurodegeneration. Curr Top Med Chem 12:2491–2503
Cai ZY, Yang B, Shi YX et al (2018) High glucose downregulates the effects of autophagy on osteoclastogenesis via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 503:428–435
Canalis E (2013) Wnt signalling in osteoporosis: mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. Nat Rev Endocrinol 9:575–583
Cazzaniga A, Maier JAM, Castiglioni S (2016) Impact of simulated microgravity on human bone stem cells: new hints for space medicine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 473:181–186
Cechetto JD, Soltys BJ, Gupta RS (2000) Localization of mitochondrial 60-kD heat shock chaperonin protein (Hsp60) in pituitary growth hormone secretory granules and pancreatic zymogen granules. J Histochem Cytochem 48:45–56
Chandra D, Choy G, Tang DG (2007) Cytosolic accumulation of HSP60 during apoptosis with or without apparent mitochondrial release: evidence that its pro-apoptotic or pro-survival functions involve differential interactions with caspase-3. J Biol Chem 282:31289–31301
Chen TH, Liu SW, Chen MR et al (2015) Neonatal death and heart failure in mouse with transgenic HSP60 expression. Biomed Res Int 2015:539805
Chen H, Xing J, Hu X et al (2017) Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 rescues glucocorticoid-induced bone loss through enhancing bone formation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 171:236–246
Chen X, Li X, Zhao W, Li T, Ouyang Q (2018) Parameter sensitivity analysis for a stochastic model of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. PLoS One 13:e0198579
Cheng Y, Sun J, Chen H et al (2016) Expression and location of HSP60 and HSP10 in the heart tissue of heat-stressed rats. Exp Ther Med 12:2759–2765
Choi B, Choi M, Park C et al (2015) Cytosolic Hsp60 orchestrates the survival and inflammatory responses of vascular smooth muscle cells in injured aortic vessels. Cardiovasc Res 106:498–508
Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F et al (2009) Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science 325:834–840
Christensen JH, Nielsen MN, Hansen J et al (2010) Inactivation of the hereditary spastic paraplegia-associated Hspd1 gene encoding the Hsp60 chaperone results in early embryonic lethality in mice. Cell Stress Chaperones 15:851–863
Corona Velazquez AF, Jackson WT (2018) So many roads: the multifaceted regulation of autophagy induction. Mol Cell Biol 38
Deniset JF, Hedley TE, Hlavackova M et al (2018) Heat shock protein 60 involvement in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Signal 47:44–51
Doria A, Gatto M, Punzi L (2013) Autophagy in human health and disease. N Engl J Med 368:1845
Falkenberg M (2018) Mitochondrial DNA replication in mammalian cells: overview of the pathway. Essays Biochem 62:287–296
Favus MJ (2010) Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 363:2027–2035
Feng X, Xing J, Feng G et al (2014) p16(INK4A) mediates age-related changes in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human dental pulp through the DNA damage and stress response. Mech Ageing Dev 141–142:46–55
Gazali A (2012) Conference scene: taking the heat out of chaperokine function. Immunotherapy 4:773–775
Gorska M, Marino Gammazza A, Zmijewski MA et al (2013) Geldanamycin-induced osteosarcoma cell death is associated with hyperacetylation and loss of mitochondrial pool of heat shock protein 60 (hsp60). PLoS One 8:e71135
Goutas A, Syrrou C, Papathanasiou I, Tsezou A, Trachana V (2018) The autophagic response to oxidative stress in osteoarthritic chondrocytes is deregulated. Free Radic Biol Med 126:122–132
Gupta S, Knowlton AA (2007) HSP60 trafficking in adult cardiac myocytes: role of the exosomal pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292:H3052–H3056
Haaland I, Opsahl JA, Berven FS et al (2014) Molecular mechanisms of nutlin-3 involve acetylation of p53, histones and heat shock proteins in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 13:116
Hayoun D, Kapp T, Edri-Brami M et al (2012) HSP60 is transported through the secretory pathway of 3-MCA-induced fibrosarcoma tumour cells and undergoes N-glycosylation. FEBS J 279:2083–2095
Herzig S, Shaw RJ (2018) AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19:121–135
Jeffery CJ (2018) Protein moonlighting: what is it, and why is it important? Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 373
Jeong DE, Lee D, Hwang SY et al (2017) Mitochondrial chaperone HSP-60 regulates anti-bacterial immunity via p38 MAP kinase signaling. EMBO J 36:1046–1065
Kalderon B, Kogan G, Bubis E, Pines O (2015) Cytosolic Hsp60 can modulate proteasome activity in yeast. J Biol Chem 290:3542–3551
Kato K, Adachi S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R et al (2011) Regulation by heat shock protein 27 of osteocalcin synthesis in osteoblasts. Endocrinology 152:1872–1882
Kim HS, Kim EM, Lee J et al (2006) Heat shock protein 60 modified with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine is involved in pancreatic beta-cell death under hyperglycemic conditions. FEBS Lett 580:2311–2316
Kim YS, Koh JM, Lee YS et al (2009) Increased circulating heat shock protein 60 induced by menopause, stimulates apoptosis of osteoblast-lineage cells via up-regulation of toll-like receptors. Bone 45:68–76
Kitami M, Kaku M, Rocabado JM, Ida T, Akiba N, Uoshima K (2016) Prolonged survival of transplanted osteoblastic cells does not directly accelerate the healing of calvarial bone defects. J Cell Physiol 231:1974–1982
Kleinridders A, Lauritzen HP, Ussar S et al (2013) Leptin regulation of Hsp60 impacts hypothalamic insulin signaling. J Clin Invest 123:4667–4680
Ko JY, Wu RW, Kuo SJ et al (2012) Cannabinoid receptor 1 mediates glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in rats by perturbing bone mineral acquisition and marrow adipogenesis. Arthritis Rheum 64:1204–1214
Ko JY, Sun YC, Li WC, Wang FS (2016) Chaperonin 60 regulation of SOX9 ubiquitination mitigates the development of knee osteoarthritis. J Mol Med (Berl) 94:755–769
Kobayashi K, Nojiri H, Saita Y et al (2015) Mitochondrial superoxide in osteocytes perturbs canalicular networks in the setting of age-related osteoporosis. Sci Rep 5:9148
Koh JM, Lee YS, Kim YS et al (2009) Heat shock protein 60 causes osteoclastic bone resorption via toll-like receptor-2 in estrogen deficiency. Bone 45:650–660
Kotlo K, Xing Y, Lather S et al (2014) PR65A phosphorylation regulates PP2A complex signaling. PLoS One 9:e85000
Leach MD, Stead DA, Argo E, Brown AJ (2011) Identification of sumoylation targets, combined with inactivation of SMT3, reveals the impact of sumoylation upon growth, morphology, and stress resistance in the pathogen Candida albicans. Mol Biol Cell 22:687–702
Lian WS, Ko JY, Chen YS et al (2018) Chaperonin 60 sustains osteoblast autophagy and counteracts glucocorticoid aggravation of osteoporosis by chaperoning RPTOR. Cell Death Dis 9:938
Liu X, Cao H, Li J et al (2017) Autophagy induced by DAMPs facilitates the inflammation response in lungs undergoing ischemia-reperfusion injury through promoting TRAF6 ubiquitination. Cell Death Differ 24:683–693
Lu Z, Chen Y, Aponte AM, Battaglia V, Gucek M, Sack MN (2015) Prolonged fasting identifies heat shock protein 10 as a Sirtuin 3 substrate: elucidating a new mechanism linking mitochondrial protein acetylation to fatty acid oxidation enzyme folding and function. J Biol Chem 290:2466–2476
Madeira VMC (2018) Overview of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Methods Mol Biol 1782:1–6
Magnoni R, Palmfeldt J, Christensen JH et al (2013) Late onset motoneuron disorder caused by mitochondrial Hsp60 chaperone deficiency in mice. Neurobiol Dis 54:12–23
Marino Gammazza A, Campanella C, Barone R et al (2017) Doxorubicin anti-tumor mechanisms include Hsp60 post-translational modifications leading to the Hsp60/p53 complex dissociation and instauration of replicative senescence. Cancer Lett 385:75–86
Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Hood DA (2016) Chronology of UPR activation in skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic contractile activity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 310:C1024–C1036
Merendino AM, Bucchieri F, Campanella C et al (2010) Hsp60 is actively secreted by human tumor cells. PLoS One 5:e9247
Miyasaka M, Nakata H, Hao J, Kim YK, Kasugai S, Kuroda S (2015) Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation enhances heat-shock protein 90 and mineralized nodule formation in mouse calvaria-derived osteoblasts. Tissue Eng Part A 21:2829–2839
Moon A, Bacchini P, Bertoni F et al (2010) Expression of heat shock proteins in osteosarcomas. Pathology 42:421–425
Neumann E, Brandenburger T, Santana-Varela S et al (2016) MicroRNA-1-associated effects of neuron-specific brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene deletion in dorsal root ganglia. Mol Cell Neurosci 75:36–43
Nisemblat S, Yaniv O, Parnas A, Frolow F, Azem A (2015) Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial chaperonin symmetrical football complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:6044–6049
Nollet M, Santucci-Darmanin S, Breuil V et al (2014) Autophagy in osteoblasts is involved in mineralization and bone homeostasis. Autophagy 10:1965–1977
Omari S, Makareeva E, Roberts-Pilgrim A et al (2018) Noncanonical autophagy at ER exit sites regulates procollagen turnover. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E10099–E1E108
Osterloh A, Kalinke U, Weiss S, Fleischer B, Breloer M (2007) Synergistic and differential modulation of immune responses by Hsp60 and lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 282:4669–4680
Padma Priya P, Grover M, Tatu US, Natarajan V (2015) Characterization of precursor PfHsp60 in Plasmodium falciparum cytosol during its asexual development in human erythrocytes. PLoS One 10:e0136401
Park J, Chen Y, Tishkoff DX et al (2013) SIRT5-mediated lysine desuccinylation impacts diverse metabolic pathways. Mol Cell 50:919–930
Peng C, Lu Z, Xie Z et al (2011) The first identification of lysine malonylation substrates and its regulatory enzyme. Mol Cell Proteomics 10:M111 012658
Plotkin LI, Bellido T (2016) Osteocytic signalling pathways as therapeutic targets for bone fragility. Nat Rev Endocrinol 12:593–605
Rachner TD, Khosla S, Hofbauer LC (2011) Osteoporosis: now and the future. Lancet 377:1276–1287
Ramachandran R, Fausett BV, Goldman D (2010) Ascl1a regulates Muller glia dedifferentiation and retinal regeneration through a Lin-28-dependent, let-7 microRNA signalling pathway. Nat Cell Biol 12:1101–1107
Rambold AS, Pearce EL (2018) Mitochondrial dynamics at the interface of immune cell metabolism and function. Trends Immunol 39:6–18
Ren D, Fan M, Sun C, Zhou C, Li Y (2018) Capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection for study of the association of HSP60 gene polymorphism with gouty arthritis. J AOAC Int 102(3):810–814
Robinson WH, Lepus CM, Wang Q et al (2016) Low-grade inflammation as a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 12:580–592
Sasaki K, Yoshida H (2015) Organelle autoregulation-stress responses in the ER, Golgi, mitochondria and lysosome. J Biochem 157:185–195
Sato AY, Tu X, McAndrews KA, Plotkin LI, Bellido T (2015) Prevention of glucocorticoid induced-apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by protecting against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in vitro and in vivo in female mice. Bone 73:60–68
Sattui SE, Saag KG (2014) Fracture mortality: associations with epidemiology and osteoporosis treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 10:592–602
Sedlackova L, Sosna A, Vavrincova P et al (2011) Heat shock protein gene expression profile may differentiate between rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and healthy controls. Scand J Rheumatol 40:354–357
Seibel MJ, Cooper MS, Zhou H (2013) Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: mechanisms, management, and future perspectives. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 1:59–70
Selvarajah GT, Bonestroo FA, Kirpensteijn J et al (2013) Heat shock protein expression analysis in canine osteosarcoma reveals HSP60 as a potentially relevant therapeutic target. Cell Stress Chaperones 18:607–622
Spinelli JB, Haigis MC (2018) The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 20:745–754
Suragani M, Aadinarayana VD, Pinjari AB et al (2013) Human resistin, a proinflammatory cytokine, shows chaperone-like activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:20467–20472
Suwanwela J, Farber CR, Haung BL et al (2011) Systems genetics analysis of mouse chondrocyte differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 26:747–760
Swaroop S, Sengupta N, Suryawanshi AR, Adlakha YK, Basu A (2016) HSP60 plays a regulatory role in IL-1beta-induced microglial inflammation via TLR4-p38 MAPK axis. J Neuroinflammation 13:27
Tanaka K, Yamaguchi T, Kaji H, Kanazawa I, Sugimoto T (2013) Advanced glycation end products suppress osteoblastic differentiation of stromal cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 438:463–467
Tang H, Tian E, Liu C, Wang Q, Deng H (2013) Oxidative stress induces monocyte necrosis with enrichment of cell-bound albumin and overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial chaperones. PLoS One 8:e59610
Tang H, Chen Y, Liu X et al (2016) Downregulation of HSP60 disrupts mitochondrial proteostasis to promote tumorigenesis and progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 7:38822–38834
Ucer S, Iyer S, Kim HN et al (2017) The effects of aging and sex steroid deficiency on the murine skeleton are independent and mechanistically distinct. J Bone Miner Res 32:560–574
Vilasi S, Bulone D, Caruso Bavisotto C et al (2017) Chaperonin of group I: oligomeric spectrum and biochemical and biological implications. Front Mol Biosci 4:99
Vuppalapati KK, Bouderlique T, Newton PT et al (2015) Targeted deletion of autophagy genes Atg5 or Atg7 in the chondrocytes promotes caspase-dependent cell death and leads to mild growth retardation. J Bone Miner Res 30:2249–2261
Vyas S, Zaganjor E, Haigis MC (2016) Mitochondria and cancer. Cell 166:555–566
Wadhwa R, Priyandoko D, Gao R et al (2016) Stress chaperone mortalin regulates human melanogenesis. Cell Stress Chaperones 21:631–644
Wang FS, Lin CL, Chen YJ et al (2005) Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 modulates glucocorticoid attenuation of osteogenic activities and bone mass. Endocrinology 146:2415–2423
Wang FS, Ko JY, Yeh DW, Ke HC, Wu HL (2008) Modulation of Dickkopf-1 attenuates glucocorticoid induction of osteoblast apoptosis, adipocytic differentiation, and bone mass loss. Endocrinology 149:1793–1801
Wang FS, Ko JY, Weng LH, Yeh DW, Ke HJ, Wu SL (2009) Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. Life Sci 85:685–692
Wang FS, Wu RW, Ko JY et al (2011) Heat shock protein 60 protects skeletal tissue against glucocorticoid-induced bone mass loss by regulating osteoblast survival. Bone 49:1080–1089
Wang FS, Lian WS, Weng WT et al (2016) Neuropeptide Y mediates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and marrow adiposity in mice. Osteoporos Int 27:2777–2789
Wu M, Gu J, Guo R, Huang Y, Yang M (2016) Structure of mammalian respiratory supercomplex I1III2IV1. Cell 167:1598–609 e10
Xie J, Zhu H, Guo L et al (2010) Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 delivers heat shock protein 60-fused antigen into the MHC class I presentation pathway. J Immunol 185:2306–2313
Yamamoto N, Tokuda H, Kuroyanagi G et al (2016) Heat shock protein 22 (HSPB8) limits TGF-beta-stimulated migration of osteoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 436:1–9
Yamano K, Matsuda N, Tanaka K (2016) The ubiquitin signal and autophagy: an orchestrated dance leading to mitochondrial degradation. EMBO Rep 17:300–316
Zarrouk A, Vejux A, Mackrill J et al (2014) Involvement of oxysterols in age-related diseases and ageing processes. Ageing Res Rev 18:148–162
Zhang J, Zhou X, Chang H et al (2016) Hsp60 exerts a tumor suppressor function by inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 7:68976–68989
Acknowledgements
This work was in part supported by grants [NHRI-EX107-10736SI] from the National Health Research Institute, [MOST107-2314-B-182A-038MY3; MOST107-2314-B-182A-012-MY2] from Ministry of Science and Technology, and [CMRPG8H0211-3; CLRPG8G0701-3] from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, FS., Lian, WS., Kuo, CW., Chen, YS., Chang, PR. (2019). Heat Shock Protein 60 Regulation of Skeletal Tissue Integrity. In: Asea, A., Kaur, P. (eds) Heat Shock Protein 60 in Human Diseases and Disorders. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23154-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23154-5_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23153-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23154-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)