Skip to main content

Ways of Thinking

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
An Introduction to Medical Decision-Making
  • 703 Accesses

Abstract

Discussing or describing the decision-making process requires a defined, accurate vocabulary. We must differentiate between the decision-making process and the clinical outcome. Physicians usually focus on the clinical outcome and ignore the process used to obtain the outcome. The decision-making process and the outcome therefore need to be evaluated independently. The two are not necessarily congruent—a valid, well-thought-out decision is not guaranteed to produce the desired clinical outcome, and a good clinical outcome is not necessarily the result of a sound decision. This chapter discusses the fundamental terms and concepts used to describe or evaluate the process used to arrive at a given decision.

You cannot enter any world to which you don’t have the language.

—Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)

Words, words, words.

—Shakespeare, William, Hamlet, Act II, Scene II, line 194

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  • Aristotle. (Ross, D, translator). The Nicomachean Ethics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron J. Thinking and Deciding. Fourth Edition. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gawande A. The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right. New York, NY: Picador; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleick J. Chaos: Making A New Science. New York, NY: Penguin Books; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grebogi C, Ott E, Yorke JA. Chaos, strange attractors, and fractal basin boundaries in nonlinear dynamics. Science. 1987; 238(4827): 632–638.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz EN. Deterministic nonperiodic flow. The Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. 1963; 20(2): 130–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery K. How Doctors Think: Clinical Judgment and the Practice of Medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon HA. A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1955; 69(1): 99–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon HA. Rational decision-making in business organizations. Nobel Memorial Lecture, December, 1978: 343–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taleb NN. Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder. New York, NY: Random House; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taleb NN. The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Second edition. New York, NY: Random House trade paperbacks; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheatley MJ. Leadership and the New Science—Discovering Order in a Chaotic World. Second edition. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, Publishers, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Vordermark II, J.S. (2019). Ways of Thinking. In: An Introduction to Medical Decision-Making. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23147-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23147-7_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23146-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23147-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics