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Hybrid Breeding in Rye (Secale cereale L.)

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Abstract

Rye is a robust and stress-tolerant cereal, grown on 4.4 million hectares, mainly in Northeastern Europe. Grain yields range, on average, from 2.0 to 5.8 mt ha−1 on farm level depending on the country, but reached >10 mt ha−1 in multi-locational official trials in Germany. Rye grain is used for bread making, distilling, homegrown feed and bioenergy production. Hybrid breeding has gained much attention caused by higher grain yields and a higher gain from selection compared to open-pollinated cultivars. Prerequisites are self-fertility, cytoplasmic-male sterility (CMS) with effective nuclear encoded genes to restore fertility (Rf) and distinct heterotic pools. Elaborated breeding plans are available. Commercial rye hybrids are crosses between a CMS single cross as seed parent and a restorer synthetic as pollinator. Molecular breeding was promoted in the last decade by the availability of PCR-based markers and the production of medium- to high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays. Markers are used for introgressing monogenic traits, developing landscapes of quantitative trait loci (QTL), and genomic selection. In the future, disease resistances to snow mold, stem rust, and Fusarium head blight, resilience to drought and heat stress, optimized feeding quality and yield improvement by broadening the genetic basis of hybrid breeding are important goals.

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Acknowledgement

The authors wish to recognize the very significant contributions made to hybrid rye breeding by Prof. Dr. Dr.h.c. Hartwig H. Geiger, University of Hohenheim, Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Thomas Miedaner

  2. Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

    Friedrich Laidig

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  1. Thomas Miedaner
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  2. Friedrich Laidig
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Correspondence to Thomas Miedaner .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

9.1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Rye

Institution

Specialization and research activities

Contact information and website

State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim

Hybrid rye breeding, resistance genetics, genomics

Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/organisation/einrichtung/landessaatzuchtanstalt

Plant Breeding, Technical University of Munich

Construction of high-density SNP chips, genomic selection

Liesel-Beckmann Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany http://www.plantbreeding.wzw.tum.de

Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI)

Marker-based approaches

Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3a, 18190 Sanitz, Germany https://www.julius-kuehn.de/gross-luesewitz

Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)

High-throughput sequencing, assembling rye genome

Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germanyhttp://www.ipk-gatersleben.de

Scientific and Practical Centre of Belarusian NAS for Arable Farming

Rye breeding

Timiryazeva st. 1, 222160 Zhodino, Belarus http://www.izis.by

Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Science

Rye breeding research, molecular analysis of single traits

Ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60–479 Poznań, Poland http://www.igr.poznan.pl

Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimation – National Research Institute

Rye breeding research, Polish gene bank, data base on rye genetic resources

Radzikow, Poland http://www.ihar.edu.pl

N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry

Largest gene bank of rye, usage of genetic resources, resistance breeding

Bolshaya Morskaya st. 44, 190000 St.-Petersburg, Russiahttp://vir.nw.ru

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture

Population rye breeding, resistance breeding, quality breeding

Orenburg tract, 48, 420059 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia http://www.antat.ru/en/structure/agricultural

Moscow Nemchinovka Agricultural Research Institute

Rye breeding and research

Kalinia str. 1, Nemchinovka-1, 143026, Russia

9.1.2 Appendix II: Origin of Genetic Resources of Rye

Institution

Country

No. of accessions

Institute of Botany

Armenia

18

Laboratory of Plants Gene Pool and Breeding

Armenia

Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology

Armenia

AGES Linz – Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety/Seed Collection

Austria

99

Genebank Tyrol/Tyrolean Government

Austria

Institute of Special Crops, Agricultural Research Center Styria

Austria

Arche Noah Association

Austria

Research Institute of Agriculture

Azerbaijan

132

Genetic Resources Institute

Azerbaijan

Institute for Plant Genetic Resources “K. Malkov”

Bulgaria

1248

Genetic Resources Institute, University of Banjaluka

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1

Station de recherche Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil

Switzerland

70

Sortengarten Erschmatt

Switzerland

Genebank Department, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Research Institute of Crop Production

Czech Republic

683

Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research

Germany

2409

Comunidad de Madrid. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos. Banco de Germoplasma

Spain

500

Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria. Centro Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos

Spain

Junta de Extremadura. Dirección General de Ciencia y Tecnología. Centro de Investigación Agraria Finca La Orden – Valdesequera

Spain

Cabildo Insular de Tenerife. Centro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Agrícola de Tenerife

Spain

Jogeva Plant Breeding Institute

Estonia

6

Genetic Resources Unit, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University

United Kingdom

1

Niko Ketskhoveli Institute of Botany

Georgia

4

Greek Genebank, Agricultural Research Center of Macedonia and Thrace, National Agricultural Research Foundation

Greece

11

Institute for Agrobotany

Hungary

360

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, National Crop Variety Testing Centre

Ireland

5

Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture

Lithuania

14

Latvian Forestry Research Institute “Silava”

Latvia

9

Faculty of Agriculture, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius

Macedonia

25

Institute of Agriculture

Montenegro

4

Nordic Genetic Resource Center

Sweden

335

Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute

Poland

2424

Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin

Poland

2428

Banco de Germoplasma – Departamento de Recursos Genéticos e Melhoramento, Estaçao Agronómica Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investigaçao Agrária

Portugal

567

Suceava Genebank

Romania

483

University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timisoara

Romania

 

Agricultural Research Station Suceava

Romania

 

N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Industry

Russian Federation

2928

Plant Production Research Center Piestany

Slovakia

161

Plant Genetic Resources Department

Turkey

425

Institute of Plant Production n.a. V.Y. Yurjev of UAAS

Ukraine

270

Sum

 

15,620

Not included:

  

US National Plant Germplasm system https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/search.aspx

Diverse

1937

  1. Sources: European Secale Database (https://bankgenow.edu.pl/en/baza-danych/europejska-baza-zyta/), US National Plant Germplasm system (see above)

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Miedaner, T., Laidig, F. (2019). Hybrid Breeding in Rye (Secale cereale L.). In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Cereals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23108-8_9

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