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Targeting Interleukin-6 in Ocular Inflammatory Diseases

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Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis

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Abstract

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key cytokine that is strongly upregulated during infection and inflammation. Featuring pleiotropic activity, IL-6 is responsible for the induction of hepatic acute-phase proteins, trafficking of acute and chronic inflammatory cells, differentiation of adaptive T-cell responses, homeostatic regulation, and tissue regeneration. Dysregulated IL-6 production has been associated with the development of a wide variety of systemic immune-mediated, chronic diseases, and even certain types of cancer. From the ocular perspective, significant elevation of IL-6 has been found in ocular fluids derived from diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, and refractory/chronic uveitis patients. During the last decade, tocilizumab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in more than 100 countries worldwide. Furthermore, it has been reported to be effective for the treatment of a number of autoimmune diseases including noninfectious uveitis and its associated macular edema. Currently, numerous candidate molecular strategies targeting the IL-6 signaling pathways are in progress through clinical trials in various disorders. Herein, we discuss the basic biology of IL-6 and its pathological role in the development of immune-mediated conditions, particularly focusing on inflammatory eye diseases. It also provides an overview of the on-going clinical trials with the new anti-IL-6 mAbs and their potential use in the clinical practice.

None of the authors has any proprietary/financial interest to disclose.

This study received no financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Clinic d’Oftalmologia, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Marina Mesquida, Victor Llorenç & Alfredo Adán

  2. Ophthalmology Clinical Research Unit, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

    Marina Mesquida

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  1. Marina Mesquida
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  2. Victor Llorenç
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  1. Oregon Health and Science University, Casey Eye Institute, Portland, OR, USA

    Phoebe Lin

  2. Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA

    Eric Suhler

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Mesquida, M., Llorenç, V., Adán, A. (2019). Targeting Interleukin-6 in Ocular Inflammatory Diseases. In: Lin, P., Suhler, E. (eds) Treatment of Non-infectious Uveitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22827-9_9

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