Abstract
The problem food frauds today is correlated with the identification of main and minor ingredients for food and beverage productions. Adulteration is a big concern in food environments, and a strong answer is needed by the whole world of food and beverage stakeholders. The existence of quality certification standards makes possible the management of food frauds and other menaces concerning ‘identity loss’ with relation to four main factors: the role of food additives, processing aids and chemical compounds in general for food and beverage production; adequate actions and mitigation strategies against food frauds, both intentional and unavoidable events; the assessment of documentation concerning food productions by external and experienced auditors; and possible safety risks caused by the consumption of undeclared allergens. With concern to food quality management systems, mitigation plans against food frauds are one of the most challenging areas. The aim of this chapter is to give a detailed idea of basic requirements in this ambit by the viewpoint of food quality management schemes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
These and other information are discussed in the ‘Food Traceability’ lecture for the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan, by Salvatore Parisi, first course 2018–2019.
- 2.
The RSSFF Portal is freely accessible at the following Internet address: https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/rasff_en.
- 3.
These and other information are discussed in the ‘Food Traceability’ lecture for the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan, by Salvatore Parisi, first course 2018–2019.
Abbreviations
- BRC:
-
British Retail Consortium
- EMA:
-
Economically motivated adulteration
- EU:
-
European Union
- FDA:
-
Food and Drug Administration
- FBO:
-
Food Business Operator
- FSSC:
-
Food Safety System Certification
- GFSI:
-
Global Food Safety Initiative
- GSFS:
-
Global Standard for Food Safety
- HACCP:
-
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
- HARPC:
-
Hazard Analysis and Risk-based Preventive Controls
- IFS:
-
International Featured Standard
- ISO:
-
International Organization for Standardization
- RASFF:
-
Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed
- RSPO:
-
Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
- SQF:
-
Safe Quality Food
References
Asensio L, González I, García T, Martín R (2008) Determination of food authenticity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Food Control 19(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.02.010
Baines RN (1999) Environmental & animal safety dimensions to developing food safety & quality assurance initiatives in the United Kingdom. Market rights and equity: food and agriculture standards in a shrinking world. Institute for Food & Agricultural Standards, Michigan
Barbieri G, Barone C, Bhagat A, Caruso G, Conley ZR, Parisi S (2014) The influence of chemistry on new foods and traditional products. Springer briefs in chemistry of foods. Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg, Germany
BRC (2017) Global standard food safety, issue 7—An introduction to best-practice lubrication procedures in the food industry. British Retail Consortium (BRC) Global Standards, London, www.brcglobalstandards.com. Available https://www.brcgs.com/media/165616/brc-lubrication-guide-screen.pdf. Accessed 10 Apr 2019
BRC (2018a) Global standard food safety, issue 8. British Retail Consortium (BRC) Global Standards, London, www.brcglobalstandards.com
BRC (2018b) Global standard food safety, issue 8. Interpretation Guideline. British Retail Consortium (BRC) Global Standards, London, www.brcglobalstandards.com GSFS interpret
Brown A, Van Der Wiele T, Loughton K (1998) Smaller enterprises’ experiences with ISO 9000. Int J Qual Reliab Manag 15(3):273–285. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656719810198935
Buttle F (1997) ISO 9000: marketing motivations and benefits. Int J Qual Reliab Manag 14(9):936–947. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656719710186867
Channaiah LH, Michael M, Acuff JC, Phebus RK, Thippareddi H, Olewnik M, Milliken G (2017) Validation of the baking process as a kill-step for controlling Salmonella in muffins. Int J Food Microbiol 250:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.03.007
Crossland WJ (1997) HACCP and factory auditing. In: Chesworth N (ed) Food hygiene auditing. Chapman & Hall, London, pp 30–52
Davidson RK, Antunes W, Madslien EH, Belenguer J, Gerevini M, Torroba Perez T, Prugger R (2017) From food defence to food supply chain integrity. Brit Food J 119(1):52–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04-2016-0138
Delgado AM, Vaz Almeida MD, Parisi S (2017) Chemistry of the mediterranean diet. Springer International Publishing, Cham
Dick GP (2000) ISO 9000 certification benefits, reality or myth? TQM Mag 12(6):365–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/09544780010351517
Fennema OR, Damodaran S, Parkin KL (2017) Introduction to food chemistry. In: Damodaran S, Parkin KL (eds) Fennema’s food chemistry, 5th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 1–16
FSSC (2017) FSSC 22000 version 4.1. Foundation FSSC 22000, Gorinchem. http://www.fssc22000.com
Grover AK, Chopra S, Mosher GA (2015) Adoption of food safety modernization act: a six sigma approach to risk based preventive controls for small food facilities. In: Conference proceeding of the 2015 annual ATMAE conference, Pittsburgh, 11–14 Nov 2015. Available https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1464&context=abe_eng_conf. Accessed 10 Apr 2019
Gurnari G (2015) The reduction of microbial spreading: little details, great effects. In: Safety protocols in the food industry and emerging concerns, pp 19–30. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16492-2_2
IFS (2017) IFS food—Standard for auditing quality and food safety of food products, version 6.1, Nov 2017. International Featured Standards (IFS) Management GmbH, Berlin
ISO (2018) ISO 22000:2018—Food safety management systems—Requirements for any organization in the food chain. ISO TC 34/SC 17 (Management systems for food safety). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. Available https://www.iso.org/standard/65464.html
Johnson R (2014) Implementation of the FDA food safety modernization Act (FSMA, P.L. 111 353) congressional research service report, vol 7–5700, R43724. Congressional Research Service, Washington, pp 1–19
Lindsay RC (2007) Food additives. In: Parkin KL, Fennema OR (eds) Fennema’s food chemistry. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 701–762
Lupien JR (2005) Food quality and safety: traceability and labeling. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 45(2):119–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690490911774
Mania I, Delgado AM, Barone C, Parisi S (2018a) Food packaging and the mandatory traceability in Europe. In: Traceability in the dairy industry in Europe. Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00446-0_8
Mania I, Delgado AM, Barone C, Parisi S (2018b) The ExTra tool—A practical example of extended food traceability for cheese productions. In: Traceability in the dairy industry in Europe. Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00446-0_3
Mania I, Delgado AM, Barone C, Parisi S (2018c) Food additives for analogue cheeses and traceability: The ExTra tool. In: Traceability in the dairy industry in Europe. Springer International Publishing, Heidelberg, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00446-0_7
Manning L (2016) Food fraud: policy and food chain. Curr Opin Food Sci 10:16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2016.07.001
Manning L, Soon JM (2014) Developing systems to control food adulteration. Food Policy 49(1):23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.06.005
Manning L, Soon JM (2016) Food safety, food fraud, and food defense: a fast evolving literature. J Food Sci 81(4):R823–R834. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13256
Martínez Fuentes C, Balbastre Benavent F, Angeles Escribá Moreno M, González Cruz T, Pardo del Val M (2000) Analysis of the implementation of ISO 9000 quality assurance systems. Work Study 49(6):229–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/00438020010343408
McEntire JC, Arens S, Bernstein M, Bugusu B, Busta FF, Cole M, Davis A, Fisher W, Geisert S, Jensen H, Kenah B, Lloyd B, Mejia C, Miller B, Mills R, Newsome R, Osho k, Prince G, Scholl S, Sutton D, Welt B, Ohlhorst S (2010) Traceability (product tracing) in food systems: an IFT report submitted to the FDA, volume 1: technical aspects and recommendations. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 9, 1:92–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00097.x
Moore JC, Spink J, Lipp M (2012) Development and application of a database of food ingredient fraud and economically motivated adulteration from 1980 to 2010. J Food Sci 77(4):R118–R126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02657.x
Nikoleiski D (2015) Hygienic design and cleaning as an allergen control measure. In: Flanagan S (ed) Handbook of food allergen detection and control, Woodhead Publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition, pp 89–102. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781782420217.1.89
Panisello PJ, Quantick PC (2001) Technical barriers to hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). Food Control 12(3):165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(00)00035-9
Parisi S (2009) Intelligent packaging for the food industry. Polymer electronics—a flexible technology. Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd, Shawbury
Parisi S (2012) Food packaging and food alterations. The user-oriented approach. Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd, Shawbury
Parisi S (2016) The world of foods and beverages today: globalization, crisis management and future perspectives. Learning.ly. The Economist Group, available http://learning.ly/products/the-world-of-foods-and-beverages-today-globalization-crisis-management-and-future-perspectives. Accessed 10 Apr 2019
Parisi S, Barone C, Sharma R (2016). Chemistry and food safety in the EU. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33393-9
Parisi S, Luo W (2018) The importance of Maillard reaction in processed foods. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95463-9
RSPO (2014) RSPO supply chain certification standard. The roundtable on sustainable palm oil (RSPO), RSPO Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, and RSPO Indonesia, Jakarta Selatan. Available https://www.rspo.org/articles/download/217a67fe502c19d. Accessed 10 Apr 2019
Schulze H, Albersmeier F, Gawron JC, Spiller A, Theuvsen L (2008) Heterogeneity in the evaluation of quality assurance systems: the International Food Standard (IFS) in European agribusiness. Int Food Agribus Manag Rev 119(1):52–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04-2016-0138
Silvis ICJ, Van Ruth SM, Van Der Fels-klerx HJ, Luning PA (2017) Assessment of food fraud vulnerability in the spices chain: An explorative study. Food Control 81:80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.05.019
Singhal RS, Kulkarni PK, Reg DV (eds) (1997) Handbook of indices of food quality and authenticity. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge
Singla RK, Dubey AK, Ameen SM, Montalto S, Parisi S (2018) The control of Maillard reaction in processed foods. Analytical testing methods for the determination of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. In: Analytical methods for the assessment of Maillard reactions in foods. Springer Briefs in molecular science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76923-3_2
Spink J, Moyer DC, Speier-Pero C (2016) Introducing the food fraud initial screening model (FFIS). Food Control 69:306–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.016
SQF (2017) SQF quality code, edition 8. Safe Quality Food (SQF) Institute, Arlington. Available https://www.sqfi.com/what-is-the-sqf-program/sqf-quality-program/. Accessed 10 Apr 2019
Stein K (2015) Effective allergen management practices to reduce allergens in food. In: Flanagan S (ed) Handbook of food allergen detection and control, Woodhead Publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition, pp 103–131. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781782420217.1.103
Steinka I, Barone C, Parisi S, Micali M (2017) Technology and chemical features of frozen vegetables. In: The chemistry of frozen vegetables. Springer briefs in molecular science, pp 23–29. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53932-4_2
Stilo A, Parisi S, Delia S, Anastasi F, Bruno G, Laganà P (2009) Food security in Europe: comparison between the “Hygiene Package” and the British Retail Consortium (BRC) & International Food Standard (IFS) protocols. Ann Ig 21(4):387–401
Szpylka J, Thiex N, Acevedo B, Albizu A, Angrish P, Austin S, Bach Knudsen KE, Barber CA, Berg D, Bhandari SD, Bienvenue A, Cahill K, Caldwell J, Campargue C, Cho F, Collison MW, Cornaggia C, Cruijsen H, Das M, De Vreeze M, Deutz I, Donelson J, Dubois A, Duchateau GS, Duchateau L, Ellingson D, Gandhi J, Gottsleben F, Hache J, Hagood G, Hamad M, Haselberger PA, Hektor T, Hoefling R, Holroyd S, Holt DL, Horst JG, Ivory R, Jaureguibeitia A, Jennens M, Kavolis DC, Kock L, Konings EJM, Krepich S, Krueger DA, Lacorn M, Lassitter CL, Lee S, Li H, Liu A, Liu K, Lusiak BD, Lynch E, Mastovska K, McCleary BV, Mercier GM, Metra PL, Monti L, Moscoso CJ, Narayanan H, Parisi S, Perinello G, Phillips MM, Pyatt S, Raessler M, Reimann LM, Rimmer CA, Rodriguez A, Romano J, Salleres S, Sliwinski M, Smyth G, Stanley K, Steegmans M, Suzuki H, Swartout K, Tahiri N, Ten Eyck R, Torres Rodriguez MG, Van Slate J, Van Soest PJ, Vennard T, Vidal R, Hedegaard RSV, Vrasidas I, Vrasidas Y, Walford S, Wehling P, Winkler P, Winter R, Wirthwine B, Wolfe D, Wood L, Woollard DC, Yadlapalli S, Yan X, Yang J, Yang Z, Zhao G. (2018a) Standard method performance requirements (SMPRs®) 2018.001: sugars in animal feed, pet food, and human food. J AOAC Int101, 4:1280–1282. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2018.001
Szpylka J, Thiex N, Acevedo B, Albizu A, Angrish P, Austin S, Bach Knudsen KE, Barber CA, Berg D, Bhandari SD, Bienvenue A, Cahill K, Caldwell J, Campargue C, Cho F, Collison MW, Cornaggia C, Cruijsen H, Das M, De Vreeze M, Deutz I, Donelson J, Dubois A, Duchateau GS, Duchateau L, Ellingson D, Gandhi J, Gottsleben F, Hache J, Hagood G, Hamad M, Haselberger PA, Hektor T, Hoefling R, Holroyd S, Lloyd Holt D, Horst JG, Ivory R, Jaureguibeitia A, Jennens M, Kavolis DC, Kock L, Konings EJM, Krepich S, Krueger DA, Lacorn M, Lassitter CL, Lee S, Li H, Liu A, Liu K, Lusiak BD, Lynch E, Mastovska K, McCleary BV, Mercier GM, Metra PL, Monti L, Moscoso CJ, Narayanan H, Parisi S, Perinello G, Phillips MM, Pyatt S, Raessler M, Reimann LM, Rimmer CA, Rodriguez A, Romano J, Salleres S, Sliwinski M, Smyth G, Stanley K, Steegmans M, Suzuki H, Swartout K, Tahiri N, Eyck RT, Torres Rodriguez MG, Van Slate J, Van Soest PJ, Vennard T, Vidal R, Vinbord Hedegaard RS, Vrasidas I, Vrasidas Y, Walford S, Wehling P, Winkler P, Winter R, Wirthwine B, Wolfe D, Wood L, Woollard DC, Yadlapalli S, Yan X, Yang J, Yang Z, Zhao G. (2018b) Standard method performance requirements (SMPRs®) 2018.002: fructans in animal food (animal feed, pet food, and ingredients). J AOAC Int101, 4:1283–1284. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.smpr2018.002
Van Ruth SM, Huisman W, Luning PA (2017) Food fraud vulnerability and its key factors. Trends Food Sci Technol 67:70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.017
Vloeberghs D, Bellens J (1996) Implementing the ISO 9000 standards in Belgium. Qual Prog 29(6):43–48
Yung WK (1997) The values of TQM in the revised ISO 9000 quality system. Int J Op Prod Manag 17(2):221–230. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579710158078
Zaccheo A, Palmaccio E, Venable M, Locarnini-Sciaroni I, Parisi S (2017) Food hygiene and applied food microbiology in an anthropological cross cultural perspective. Springer International Publishing, Cham
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fiorino, M., Barone, C., Barone, M., Mason, M., Bhagat, A. (2019). The Intentional Adulteration in Foods and Quality Management Systems: Chemical Aspects. In: Quality Systems in the Food Industry. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22553-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22553-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22552-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22553-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)