Abstract
The social construction of childhood as a period of dependence, innocence and passivity often works to silence children’s voices and undermine the contributions that they can, and do, make to their social worlds. Children in poverty face a double disadvantage in this regard. On the one hand, they are viewed as incapable of participation for their alleged incapacities due to being young. On the other, these children are framed through deficit discourses that identify them as sites of problems in need of external interventions. In this chapter, we interrogate some of these discourses. We engage with accounts from five children living in an urban slum in Bangladesh to examine their experiences in the context of their flexible education program. We contend that valuable insights can be gained from listening to these children about their aspirations and what they value in their education. By engaging with the ‘subaltern’ voices of children in poverty, we highlight their aspirations for futures free of poverty and as contributing members of community. We also discuss the importance that these children attribute to their school as a space of belonging which fosters caring relationships, and nurtures their sense of safety, protection and wellbeing.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literature
Ahmad, Alia, and Haque Iftekharul. 2011. Economic and Social Analysis of Primary Education in Bangladesh: A study of BRAC Interventions and Mainstream Schools. Vol. 48. Dhaka: BRAC Centre. http://research.brac.net/new/all-monographs/priedu. Accessed 13 December 2014.
Akbari, Ramin, Behzadpoor Foad, and Dadvand Babak. 2010. Development of English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory. System 38 (2): 211–227.
Akbari, Ramin, and Dadvand Babak. 2014. Pedagogical Knowledge Base: A Conceptual Framework for Teacher Admission. System 42: 12–22.
Alcoff, Linda. 1991/1992. The Problem of Speaking for Others. Cultural Critique (20): 5–32.
Arthur, Raymond. 2015. Recognising Children’s Citizenship in the Youth Justice System. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 37 (1): 21–37.
Biggeri, Mario, and Santosh Mehrotra. 2011. Child Poverty as Capability Deprivation: How to Choose Domains of Child Well-Being and Poverty. In Children and the capability approach, ed. Mario Biggeri, Jérôme Ballet, and Flavio Comim, 46–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
BRAC. 2018. BRAC Primary Schools. http://www.brac.net/education-programme/item/761-brac-primary-schools. Accessed 27 July 2018.
Cahill, Helen and Babak Dadvand. 2018. Re-conceptualising Youth Participation: A Framework to Inform Action. Children and Youth Services Review 95: 243-253
Cahill, Helen, Sally Beadle, Anne Farrelly, Ruth Forster, and Kylie Smith. 2014. Building resilience in children and young people: A literature review for the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD). Melbourne: Department of Education, Victoria. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/documents/about/department/resiliencelitreview.pdf. Accessed 26 November 2015.
Cohen, Elizabeth F. 2005. Neither Seen Nor Heard: Children’s Citizenship in Contemporary Democracies. Citizenship Studies 9 (2): 221–240.
Colucci, Erminia. 2007. Focus Groups Can Be Fun: The Use of Activity-Oriented Questions in Focus Group Discussions. Qualitative Health Research 17 (10): 1422–1433.
Dadvand, Babak. 2018. Civics and Citizenship Education in Australia: The Importance of a Social Justice Agenda. In The Palgrave Handbook of Citizenship and Education, ed. Andrew Peterson, Garth Stahl, and Hannah Soong. London: Palgrave.
Dadvand, Babak, and Hernan Cuervo. 2018. Pedagogies of Care in Performative Schools. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: 1–14.
———. 2019. Pedagogies of Performative Care and School Belonging: Lessons from an Australian School. British Journal of Sociology of Education 40 (3): 378–392.
Dalton, Patricio S., Sayantan Ghosal, and Anandi Mani. 2016. Poverty and aspirations failure. The Economic Journal 126 (590): 165–188.
Dobozy, Eva. 2007. Effective Learning of Civic Skills: Democratic Schools Succeed in Nurturing the Critical Capacities of Students. Educational Studies 33 (2): 115–128.
DPE. 2014. Bangladesh Primary Education Annual Sector Performance Report. Directorate of Primary Education (DPE). Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. https://dpe.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dpe.portal.gov.bd/publications/e59c1e65_d871_446e_a5f5_3ab69fee590b/Final%20ASPR%202014.pdf. Accessed 20 August 2015.
Dreze, Jean, and Amartya Sen. 2002. India: Development and Participation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
EPDC. 2014. National Education Profile. Bangladesh: Education Policy and Data Centre (EPDC). http://www.epdc.org/education-data-research/bangladesh-national-education-profile. Accessed 10 April 2018.
Fraser, Nancy. 1997. Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the Postsocialist Condition. New York: Routledge.
Foucault, Michel. 1975. Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
Fraser, Nancy. 2010. Scales of Justice: Reimagining Political Space in a Globalizing World. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hadfield, Mark, and Kaye Haw. 2001. ‘Voice’, Young People and Action Research. Educational Action Research 9 (3): 485–502.
Hulme, David. 2004. Thinking ‘Small’ and the Understanding of Poverty: Maymana and Mofizul’s Story. Journal of Human Development 5 (2): 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/1464988042000225104.
Kennelly, Jacqueline. 2011. Policing Young People As Citizens-In-Waiting: Legitimacy, Spatiality and Governance. British Journal of Criminology 51 (2): 336–354.
Liebel, Manfred. 2008. Citizenship from Below: Children’s Rights and Social Movements. In Children and Citizenship, ed. A. Invernizzi and J. Williams. California: Sage.
Lincoln, Yvonna S., and G. Guba Egon. 1985. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Marshall, Thomas H. 1950. Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Massey, Doreen. 2005. For Space. London: Sage.
McLeod, Julie. 2011. Student Voice and the Politics of Listening in Higher Education. Critical Studies in Education 52 (2): 179–189.
Mockler, Nicole, and Ssusan Groundwater-Smith. 2015. Engaging with Student Voice in Research, Education and Community: Beyond Legitimation and Guardianship. New York: Springer.
Moosa-Mitha, Mehmoona. 2005. A Difference-Centred Alternative to Theorization of Children’s Citizenship Rights. Citizenship Studies 9 (4): 369–388.
Nath, Samir Ranjan. 2012. Factors Influencing Primary Students’ Learning Achievement in Bangladesh. Research in Education 88: 50–63.
Print, Murray. 2007. Citizenship Education and Youth Participation in Democracy. British Journal of Educational Studies 55 (3): 325–345.
Pugh, Allison J. 2013. The Theoretical Costs of Ignoring Childhood: Rethinking Independence, Insecurity, and Inequality. Theory and Society 43 (1): 71–89.
Rawls, John. 1972. A Theory of Justice. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ray, Debraj. 2006. Aspirations, Poverty, and Economic Change. In Understanding Poverty, ed. Abhijit V. Banerjee, roland Bénabout, and Dilip Mookherjee, 409–421. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reynolds, David. 2000. School effectiveness: The international dimension. In The international handbook of school effectiveness research, ed. Charles Teddlie and David Reynolds, 232–256. London: Falmer Press.
Savelsberg, Harry J., and Bonnie M. Martin-Giles. 2008. Young People on the Margins: Australian Studies of Social Exclusion. Journal of Youth Studies 11 (1): 17–31.
Schuller, Tom, John Preston, Cathie Hammond, Angela Brassett-Grundy, and John Bynner. 2004. The Benefits of Learning: The Impact of Education on Health, Family Life and Social Capital. New York: Routledge.
Schweiger, Gottfried, and Gunter Graf. 2015. A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Shohel, M. Mahruf C. 2012. Childhood Poverty and Education in Bangladesh: Policy Implications for Disadvantaged Children. Florence: UNICEF Office of Research. http://oro.open.ac.uk/34824/1/iwp_2012_10.pdf. Accessed 10 April 2018.
Shohel, M. Mahruf C., and Andrew J. Howes. 2008. Informality of Teaching and Learning in Nonformal Schools: Socio-cultural Processes as Mesosystems of Student Development. Education 3-13 36 (3): 293–309.
———. 2011. Models of education for sustainable development and nonformal primary education in Bangladesh. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 5 (1): 129–139.
Smith, Noel, Lister Ruth, Sue Middleton, and Lynne Cox. 2005. Young People as Real Citizens: Towards an Inclusionary Understanding of Citizenship. Journal of Youth Studies 8 (4): 425–443.
Spivak, Gayatri C. 1988. Can the Subaltern Speak? In Marxism and Interpretation of Culture, ed. Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg. Urbana: University of Illinois Publications.
Such, Elizabeth, and Robert Walker. 2005. Young Citizens or Policy Objects: Children in the ‘Rights and Responsibilities’ Debate. Journal of Social Policy 34 (1): 39–57.
United Nations. 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Treaty Series 1577: 3.
———. 2018. Goal 1: End Poverty in all Its Forms Everywhere.
UNDP. 2013. About Bangladesh. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/countryinfo/. Accessed 9 October 2014.
UNICEF. 2009. Quality Primary Education in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Key Statistics. http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Quality_Primary_Education(1).pdf. Accessed 20 June 2016.
World Bank. 2013. Bangladesh Education Sector Review: Seeding Fertile Ground – Education that Works for Bangladesh. Dhaka: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17853. Accessed 10 August 2014.
———. 2018. Decline of Global Extreme Poverty Continues but Has Slowed:World Bank (September 19, 2018). http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/09/19/decline-of-global-extreme-poverty-continues-but-has-slowed-world-bank. Accessed on 13 August 2019.
Wyness, Michael, Lisa Harrison, and Ian Buchanan. 2004. Childhood, Politics and Ambiguity: Towards an Agenda for Children’s Political Inclusion. Sociology 38 (1): 81–99.
Yuval-Davis, Nira. 1997. Women, Citizenship and Difference. Feminist Review 57: 4–27.
———. 2011. Power, Intersectionality and the Politics of Belonging. In FREIA working paper No. 75. Denmark: University of Aalborg.
Yuval-Davis, Nira, and Marc Stoetzler. 2002. Imagined Boundaries and Borders: A Gendered Gaze. European Journal of Women’s Studies 9 (3): 329–344.
Zipin, Lew, Sam Sellar, and Robert Hattam. 2012. Countering and Exceeding ‘Capital’: A ‘Funds of Knowledge’ Approach to Re-imagining Community. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 33 (2): 179–192.
Zipin, Lew. 2013. Engaging Middle Years Learners by Making Their Communities Curricular: A Funds of Knowledge Approach. Curriculum Perspectives 33 (3): 1–12.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yasmin, R.N., Dadvand, B. (2019). Education, Voice and Empowerment: Learning with and from Children in Poverty. In: Brando, N., Schweiger, G. (eds) Philosophy and Child Poverty. Philosophy and Poverty, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22452-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22452-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22451-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22452-3
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)