Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Airway Control, Mechanical Ventilation, and Respiratory Care

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Critical Care of Children with Heart Disease

  • 1463 Accesses

Abstract

Mechanical ventilation is often required for infants and children with cardiovascular disorders. This chapter briefly reviews the physiology of lung inflation and deflation with tidal breathing, the principles involved with the practice of conventional ventilation, the design and functional characteristics of conventional ventilators, the theory and practice of respiratory care, and special forms of artificial respiration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Nunn JF. Applied Respiratory Physiology. 3rd ed. London, UK; Butterworths & Co; 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aubier M, Viires N, Syllie G, Mozes R, Roussos C. Respiratory muscle contribution to lactic acidosis in low cardiac output. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982;126:648.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Shepard FM, Arango LA, Simmons JG, Berry FA. Hemodynamic effects of mechanical ventilation in normal and distressed lambs: a comparison of negative pressure and positive pressure respirators. Biol Neonate. 1971;19:83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kirby RR, Smith RA, Desautels DA. Mechancial Ventilation. New York: Churchill Livengston; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  5. McPherson SP. Respiratory Therapy Equipment. St. Louis: CV Mosby Co; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dupuis YG. Ventilators: Theory and Clinical Application. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Year Book, Inc.; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chatburn RL. A new system for understanding mechanical ventilators. Respir Care. 1991;36:1123–1155.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chatburn RL, Primiano FP Jr. A new system for understanding modes of mechanical ventilation. Respir Care. 2001;46:604–621.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kirby RR, Robison EJ, Schulz J, DeLemos R. A new pediatric volume ventilator. Anesth Analg. 1971;50:533–537.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pulmonary terms and symbols. A report of the ACCP-STS Joint committee on Pulmonary Nomenclature. Chest. 1975;67:583–593.

    Google Scholar 

  11. MacIntyre NR, Nishimura M, Usada Y, Tokioka H, Takezawa J, Shimada Y. The Nagoya conference on system design and patient-ventilator interactions during pressure support ventilation. Chest. 1990;97:1463–1466.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. MacIntyre NR, Ho LI. Effects of initial flow rate and breath terminuteation criteria on pressure ventilation. Chest. 1991;99:134–138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Marini JJ, Smith TC, Lomb VJ. External work output and force generation during synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1988;138:1169–1170.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Fuhrman BP, Smith-Wright DL, Venkataraman S, Orr RA, Howland DF. Proximal mean airway pressure: a good estimator of mean alveolar pressure during continuous positive-pressure breathing. Crit Care Med. 1989;17:666–670.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Pelosi P, Cadringher P, Bottino P, et al. Sigh in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:872–880.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Buda AJ, et al. Effect of intrathoracic pressure on left ventricular performance. N Engl J Med. 1979;301:453.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pinsky MR, Summer WR. Cardiac augmentation by phasic high intrathoracic pressure support. Chest. 1983;84:370.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fishman AP. Vasomotor regulation of the pulmonary circulation. Annu Rev Physiol. 1980;42:211.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Jobes DR, Nicolson SC, Steven JM, Miller M, Jacobs ML, Norwood WI Jr. Carbon dioxide prevents pulmonary overcirculation in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;54:150.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Anonymous. Inhaled nitric oxide and hypoxic respiratory failure in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group (NINOS). Pediatrics. 1997;99:838–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Roberts JD Jr, Fineman JR, Morin FC III, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:605–610.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Cornfield DN, Maynard RC, DeRegnier RA, Guiang SF III, Barbato JE, Milla CE. Randomized, controlled trial of low-dose inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of term and near-term infants with respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. Pediatrics. 1999;104:1089–1094.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Clark RH, Kueser TJ, Walker MW, et al. Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Clinical Inhaled Nitric Oxide Research Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:469–474.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Raine J, Redington AN, Benatar A, Samuels MP, Southall DP. Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure and cardiac output–a pilot study. Eur J Pediatr. 1993;152:595–598.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Shapiro SH, Ernst P, Gray-Donald K, et al. Effect of negative pressure ventilation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [see comments]. Lancet. 1992;340:1425–1429.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Shekerdemian LS, Bush A, Shore DF, Lincoln C, Redington AN. Cardiopulmonary interactions after Fontan operations: augmentation of cardiac output using negative pressure ventilation. Circulation. 1997;96:3934–3942.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Shekerdemian LS, Bush A, Lincoln C, Shore DF, Petros AJ, Redington AN. Cardiopulmonary interactions in healthy children and children after simple cardiac surgery: the effects of positive and negative pressure ventilation. Heart. 1997;78:587–593.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Raine J, Samuels MP, Mok Q, Shinebourne EA, Southall DP. Negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation for phrenic nerve palsy after paediatric cardiac surgery. Br Heart J. 1992;67:308–311.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Meliones JN, Bove EL, Dekeon MK, et al. High-frequency jet ventilation improves cardiac function after the Fontan procedure. Circulation. 1991;84:III364.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kocis KC, Meliones JN, Dekeon MK, Callow LB, Lupinetti FM, Bove EL. High-frequency jet ventilation for respiratory failure after congenital heart surgery. Circulation. 1992;86:II127–II132.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Berner ME, Rouge JC, Suter PM. Combined high-frequency ventilation in children with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1991;17:209–214.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Rosenberg RB, Broner CW, Peters KJ, Anglin DL. High-frequency ventilation for acute pediatric respiratory failure. Chest. 1993;104:1216–1221.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Arnold JH, Truog RD, Thompson JE, Fackler JC. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in pediatric respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:272–278.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Arnold JH, Hanson JH, Toro-Figuero LO, Gutierrez J, Berens RJ, Anglin DL. Prospective, randomized comparison of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in pediatric respiratory failure. Crit Care Med. 1994;22:1530–1539.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Deboeck C. Cough versus chest physiotherapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;129:182.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Venkataraman ST. Mechanical ventilation and respiratory care. In: Fuhrman BP, Zimmerman JJ, eds. Pediatric Critical Care. 3rd ed, Philadelphia: Mosby-Elsevier; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Martin LD, Bratton SL, Walker LK. Principles and practice of respiratory support and mechanical ventilation. In: Rogers MC, ed. Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1996:265–330.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Farias JA, Alia I, Esteban A, et al. Weaning from mechanical ventilation in pediatric intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med. 1998;24:1070–1075.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Greene W, L’Heureux P, Hunt CE. Paralysis of the diaphragm. Am J Dis Child. 1975;129:1402.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hong-Xu Z, et al. Phrenic nerve injury complicating closed cardiovascular procedures for congenital heart disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1985;39:445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lynn AM, Jenkins JG, Edmonds JF, Burns JE. Diaphragmatic paralysis after pediatric cardiac surgery A retrospective analysis of 34 cases. Crit Care Med. 1983;11:280.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mickell JJ, et al. Clinical implications of postoperative unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1978;76:297.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Shekhar T. Venkataraman

Authors
  1. Shekhar T. Venkataraman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shekhar T. Venkataraman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chief, Division of Cardiac Critical Care Medicine Executive Director, Telemedicine Co-director, Children’s National Heart Institute, Professor of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, USA

    Ricardo A. Munoz

  2. Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Victor O. Morell

  3. Associate Medical Director, CHCO Heart Institute Head, Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Program & Inpatient Services Director, Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Children’s Hospital Colorado, Tenured Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    Eduardo M. da Cruz

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Pediatric Critical Care, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Carol G. Vetterly

  5. Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC – Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Jose Pedro da Silva

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Venkataraman, S.T. (2020). Airway Control, Mechanical Ventilation, and Respiratory Care. In: Munoz, R., Morell, V., da Cruz, E., Vetterly, C., da Silva, J. (eds) Critical Care of Children with Heart Disease . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21870-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21870-6_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21869-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21870-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation