The Asylum Era and Moral Therapy

Hahn, Patrick D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21866-9_10

Patrick D. Hahn²

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Abstract

This chapter discusses the era of “moral therapy,” beginning in the eighteenth century, and lays out evidence that this approach had great success in treating even seemingly intractable cases of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses. This chapter features my interview with David Healy, Professor of Psychiatry at Bangor University and the author of Mania: A Short History of Bipolar Disorder.

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Notes

1.
William Battie, A Treatise on Madness (London: J. Whiston and B. White, 1758), 98.
2.
Richard Hunter and Ida McAlpine, “Introduction,” in A Treatise on Madness by William Battie, M.D., and Remarks on Dr. Battie’s Treatise on Madness by John Monro, M.D.: A Psychiatric Controversy of the Eighteenth Century, introduced and annotated by Richard Hunter and Ida McAlpine, (London: Dawsons, 1962), 9–10.
3.
Ibid., 10.
4.
Ibid., 11.
5.
Battie, Treatise, 4–6.
6.
Ibid., 50–67.
7.
Ibid., 68–99.
8.
Hunter and McAlpine, “Introduction,” 12–13.
9.
Jan Goldstein, Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 65–67.
10.
Ibid., 67–69.
11.
Ibid., 70.
12.
Ibid., 71.
13.
Ibid., 72–76.
14.
Ibid., 79–89.
15.
Ibid., 90.
16.
Ibid., 82–83.
17.
Ibid., 101–102.
18.
Ibid., 102–103.
19.
Samuel Tuke, Description of the Retreat: An Institution Near York for Insane Persons of the Society of Friends Containing an Account of Its Origin and Progress, the Modes of treatment, and a Statement of Cases (London: W. Alexander, 1813), 22.
20.
Ibid., 93–94.
21.
Ibid., 95.
22.
Ibid., 96.
23.
Ibid., 123–125.
24.
Ibid., 99.
25.
Ibid., 106–107.
26.
Ibid., 110–113.
27.
Ibid., 131.
28.
Ibid., 141.
29.
Ibid., 164–167.
30.
Ibid., 150–151.
31.
Ibid., 156.
32.
Ibid., 180–181.
33.
Ibid., 160–161, 180–181.
34.
Ibid., 177.
35.
Ibid., 88–89.
36.
Ibid., 201–203.
37.
Ibid., 203.
38.
Ibid., 214.
39.
George Windholz, “Psychiatric Treatment and the Condition of the Mentally Disturbed at Berlin’s Charité in the Early Decades of the Nineteenth Century,” History of Psychiatry, 6, 22 Pt. 2 (June 1995), 159.
40.
Ibid., 162.
41.
Ibid., 163.
42.
Ibid., 166.
43.
Ibid., 167.
44.
Ibid., 167.
45.
Ibid., 167–168.
46.
Ibid., 166.
47.
Ibid., 169–171.
48.
Ibid., 159–160.
49.
Ibid., 174.
50.
David Healy, Mania: A Short History of Bipolar Disorder (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008).
51.
David Healy, et al., “Psychiatric Bed Utilization: 1896 and 1996 Compared,” Psychological Medicine, 31, no. 5 (July 2001): 779–790, https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329170100396; David Healy, et al., “Service Utilization in 1896 and 1996: Morbidity and Mortality Data From North Wales,” History of Psychiatry, 16, no. 1 (2005): 27–41.
52.
Healy et al., “Psychiatric Bed Utilization,” 780.
53.
Healy et al., “Service utilization,” 34.
54.
Ibid., 36.
55.
Ibid., 35–36.
56.
David Healy et al., “Mortality in Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses: Data From Two Cohorts, 1875–1924 and 1994–2010,” BMJ Open, 2, no. 5 (October 8, 2012): https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001810
57.
David Healy, “The Madness of Psychiatry,” Dr. David Healy, October 29, 2012, https://davidhealy.org/the-madness-of-psychiatry/
58.
Healy et al., “Mortality in Schizophrenia,” 3–4.
59.
Healy et al. 2012, 8.
60.
David Healy, “Shaping the Intimate: Influences on the Experiences of Everyday Nerves,” Social Studies of Science, 34, no. 2 (April 2004): 219–245, https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312704042620
61.
Healy, Mania, 132.

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Biology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
Patrick D. Hahn

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Hahn, P.D. (2019). The Asylum Era and Moral Therapy. In: Madness and Genetic Determinism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21866-9_10

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21866-9_10
Published: 12 July 2019
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21865-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21866-9
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