Skip to main content

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Epilepsy and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Medical Conditions

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

  • 1845 Accesses

Abstract

Children with epilepsy experience adjustment and coping issues related to being diagnosed with a chronic illness. They are also at increased risk for comorbid attention problems, anxiety, and depression. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), events that involve symptoms that may appear to be seizures but do not have associated epileptic brain activity, often represent a diagnosis of conversion disorder. PNES are typically very impairing and require psychological treatment. This chapter will provide an overview of the cognitive-behavioral treatment approaches for youth with epilepsy and PNES and highlight the treatment components with a case example.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    All cases in this chapter are confabulated.

References

  • Almane, D., Jones, J., Jackson, D., Seidenberg, M., & Hermann, B. (2014). The social competence and behavioral problem substrate of new- and recent-onset childhood epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 31, 91–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J., & Caplan, R. (2007). Behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities in pediatric epilepsy: Toward an integrative model. Epilepsia, 48(9), 1639–1651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J. K., Perkins, S. M., Johnson, C. S., Fastenau, P. S., Byars, A. W., deGrauw, T. J., et al. (2011). Behavior problems in children at time of first recognized seizure and changes over the following three years. Epilepsy & Behavior, 21(4), 373–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.05.028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baca, C. B., Vickrey, B. G., Caplan, R., Vassar, S. D., & Berg, A. T. (2011). Psychiatric and medical comorbidity and quality of life outcomes in childhood-onset epilepsy. Pediatrics, 128(6), 1532–1543. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baslet, G. (2011). Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A model of their pathogenic mechanism. Seizure, 20(1), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, D., Fennell, E., & Carney, P. (2003). Sleep disturbance in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 4, 651–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, A., Shinnar, S., Levy, S., Testa, F., Smith-Rapaport, S., Beckerman, B., et al. (2001). Two-year remission and subsequent relapse in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsia, 42(12), 1553–1562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berg, A. T., Caplan, R., & Hesdorffer, D. C. (2011). Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood-onset epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 20(3), 550–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.12.038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bilgiç, A., Işık, Ü., Sivri Çolak, R., Derin, H., & Çaksen, H. (2018). Psychiatric symptoms and health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy and their mothers. Epilepsy & Behavior, 80, 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.12.031.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blocher, J. B., Fujikawa, M., Sung, C., Jackson, D. C., & Jones, J. E. (2013). Computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for children with epilepsy and anxiety: A pilot study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 27, 70–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, M. J., Barry, S. J. E., Bamagous, G. A., Norrie, J. D., & Kwan, P. (2012). Patterns of treatment response in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Neurology, 78, 1548–1554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, R., & Reuber, M. (2016). Towards an integrative theory of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Clinical Psychology Review, 47, 55–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, L. W., Camfield, P., Capers, M., Cascino, G., Ciccarelli, M., de Gusmao, C. M., et al. (2016). The neurologist’s role in supporting transition to adult health care: A consensus statement. Neurology, 87(8), 835–840.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camfield, P., & Camfield, C. (2015). Incidence, prevalence, and aetiology of seizures and epilepsy in children. Epileptic Disorders, 17, 117–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camfield, P., Camfield, C., & Pohlmann-Eden, B. (2012). Transition from pediatric to adult epilepsy care: A difficult process marked by medical and social crisis. Epilepsy Currents, 12, 13–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camfield, P., Camfield, C., Busiah, K., Cohen, D., Pack, A., & Nabbout, R. (2017). The transition from pediatric to adult care for youth with epilepsy: Basic biological, sociological, and psychological issues. Epilepsy & Behavior, 69, 170–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caplan, R., & Plioplys, S. (2010). Psychiatric features and management of children with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. In S. C. Schachter & W. C. LaFrance (Eds.), Gates and Rowan’s nonepileptic seizures (pp. 163–178). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caplan, R., Doss, J., Plioplys, S., & Jones, J. (2017). Pediatric psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A treatment guide. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carbone, L., Plegue, M., Barnes, A., & Shellhaas, R. (2014). Improving the mental health of adolescents with epilepsy through a group cognitive behavioral therapy program. Epilepsy & Behavior, 39, 130–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrizosa, J., An, I., Appleton, R., Camfield, P., & Von Moers, A. (2014). Models for transition clinics. Epilepsia, 55(Suppl. 3), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carson, A., & Chapieski, L. (2016). Social functioning in pediatric epilepsy reported by parents and teachers: Contributions of medically related variables, verbal skills, and parental anxiety. Epilepsy & Behavior, 62, 57–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, B., Cheong, E., Ny, S., Chan, Y., Lee, Q., & Chan, K. (2011). Evaluation of sleep disturbances in children with epilepsy: A questionnaire-based case-control study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 21, 437–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chew, J., Haase, A., & Carpenter, J. (2017). Individual and family factors associated with self-esteem in young people with epilepsy: A multiple medication analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 66, 19–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cortesi, F., Giannotti, F., & Ottaviano, S. (1999). Sleep problems and daytime behavior in childhood idiopathic epilepsy. Epilepsia, 40(11), 1557–1565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crnic, K. A., Neece, C. L., McIntyre, L. L., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. L. (2017). Intellectual disability and developmental risk: Promoting intervention to improve child and family well-being. Child Development, 88, 436–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • da Costa, C. M., de Macêdo Oliveira, G., da Mota Gomes, M., & de Souza Maia Filho, H. (2015). Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of attention and ADHD comorbidity in a sample of children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy. Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria, 73(2), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20140219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dal Canto, G., Pellacani, S., Valvo, G., Masi, G., Rita Ferrari, A., & Sicca, F. (2018). Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in preschool and school-aged children with epilepsy: Focus on clinical and EEG features. Epilepsy & Behavior, 79, 68–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B. (2004). Predicting nonepileptic seizures utilizing seizure frequency, EEG, and response to medication. European Neurology, 51, 153–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doss, J., & Palmquist, M. (2014, December). Treatment of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in the pediatric population. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doss, J., & Robbins, J. (2017). The roles of the patient and family. In B. Dworetzky & G. Baslet (Eds.), Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Toward the integration of care (pp. 266–278). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eom, S., Caplan, R., & Berg, A. (2016). Behavioral problems and childhood epilepsy: Parent vs child perspectives. The Journal of Pediatrics, 179, 233–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fastenau, P., Johnson, C., Perkins, S., Byars, A., deGrauw, T., Austin, J., et al. (2009). Neuropsychological status at seizure onset in children: Risk factors for early cognitive deficits. Neurology, 73, 526–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fehr, K., Adams, E., Berg, K., & Frost, M. (2014, December). Sleep problems, risk factors, and clinical implications among children at a tertiary care epilepsy center. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferro, M., Avison, W., Campbell, M. K., & Speechley, K. (2011). The impact of maternal depressive symptoms on health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy: A prospective study of family environment as mediators and moderators. Epilepsia, 52(2), 316–325.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R., Acevedo, C., Arzimanoglou, A., Bogacz, A., Cross, H., Elger, C., et al. (2014). A practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia, 55(4), 475–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, M., & Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study. Developmental Psychology, 41, 625–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gates, J. (2000). Nonepileptic seizures: Time for progress. Epilepsy & Behavior, 1, 2–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geerlings, R. P. J., Aldenkamp, A. P., Gottmer-Welschen, L. M. C., de With, P. H. N., Zinger, S., van Staa, A. I., et al. (2016). Evaluation of a multidisciplinary epilepsy transition clinic for adolescents. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 20(3), 385–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsson, O., Prendergast, M., Foreman, D., Foreman, D., & Cowley, S. (2001). Outcome of pseudoseizures in children and adolescents: A 6 year symptom survival analysis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 43, 547–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilfoyle, S. M., Wagner, J. L., Smith, G., & Modi, A. C. (2012). Early screening and identification of psychological comorbidities in pediatric epilepsy is necessary. Epilepsy & Behavior, 25, 495–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilfoyle, S. M., Monahan, S., Wesolowki, C., & Modi, A. C. (2015). Depression screening in pediatric epilepsy: Evidence for the benefit of a behavioral medicine service in early detection. Epilepsy & Behavior, 44, 5–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guilfoyle, S., Wagner, J., Modi, A., Junger, K., Barrett, L., Riisen, A., et al. (2017). Pediatric epilepsy and behavioral health: The state of the literature and directions for evidence-based interprofessional care, training, and research. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 5(1), 79–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez-Colina, A., Smith, A., Mara, C., & Modi, A. (2018). Adherence barriers in pediatric epilepsy: From toddlers to young adults. Epilepsy & Behavior, 80, 229–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, F. (2011). Epilepsy as a spectrum disorder: Implications from novel clinical and basic neuroscience. Epilepsia, 52(Suppl. 1), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. E., Blocher, J. B., Jackson, D. C., Sung, C., & Fujikawa, M. (2014). Social anxiety and self-concept in children with epilepsy: A pilot intervention study. Seizure, 23, 780–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, J. E., Siddarth, P., Almane, D., Gurbani, S., Hermann, B. P., & Caplan, R. (2016). Identification of risk for severe psychiatric comorbidity in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsia, 57, 1817–1825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, A. M., Schachter, S. C., Barry, J. J., Hesdorffer, D. C., Mula, M., Trimble, M., et al. (2012). Depression and epilepsy, pain and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: Clinical and therapeutic perspectives. Epilepsy & Behavior, 24, 169–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keezer, M. R., Sisodiya, S. M., & Sander, J. W. (2015). Comorbidities of epilepsy: Current concepts and future perspectives. The Lancet Neurology, 15, 106–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerne, V., & Chapieski, L. (2015). Adaptive functioning in pediatric epilepsy: Contributions of seizure-related variables and parental anxiety. Epilepsy & Behavior, 43, 48–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knafl, K., Havill, N. L., Leeman, J., Fleming, L., Crandell, J. L., & Sandelowski, M. (2017). The nature of family engagement in interventions for children with chronic conditions. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 39, 690–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuehn, B. M. (2005). Mental illness takes heavy toll on youth. Journal of the American Medical Association, 294(3), 293–295. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.3.293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwong, K., Lam, D., Tsui, S., Ngan, M., Tsang, B., Sum Lai, T., et al. (2016). Self-esteem in adolescents with epilepsy: Psychosocial and seizure-related correlates. Epilepsy & Behavior, 63, 118–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LaFrance, W. C., Jr., Baker, G. A., Duncan, R., Goldstein, L. H., & Reuber, M. (2013). Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A staged approach: A report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force. Epilepsia, 54(11), 2005–2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lancman, M., Asconape, J., Graves, S., & Gibson, P. (1994). Psychogenic seizures in children: Long-term analysis of 43 cases. Journal of Child Neurology, 9, 404–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, A., Ryther, R., Jennesson, M., Geffrey, A., Bruno, P., Anagnos, C., et al. (2012). Impact of pediatric epilepsy on sleep patterns and behaviors in children and parents. Epilepsia, 53(7), 1162–1169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Law, E. F., Fisher, E., Fales, J., Noel, M., & Eccleston, C. (2014). Systematic review and meta-analysis of parent and family-based interventions for children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39, 866–886.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loiselle, K., Rausch, J. R., & Modi, A. C. (2015). Behavioral predictors of medication adherence trajectories among youth with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 50, 103–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lordo, D., Van Patten, R., Sudikoff, E., & Harker, L. (2017). Seizure-related variables are predictive of attention and memory in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 73, 3641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maganti, R., Hausman, N., Koehn, M., Sandok, E., Glurich, I., & Mukesh, B. (2006). Excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep complaints among children with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 8, 272–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malhi, P., & Singhi, P. (2007). Pediatric epilepsy: Psychosocial adaptation and family functioning. Studia Psychologica, 49, 265–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malow, B. (2004). Sleep deprivation and epilepsy. Epilepsy Currents, 4(5), 193–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDermott, S., Mani, S., & Krishnawami, S. (1995). A population-based analysis of specific behavior problems associated with childhood seizures. Journal of Epilepsy, 8, 110–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNelis, A., Musick, B., Austin, J., Dunn, D., & Creasy, K. (1998). Psychosocial care needs of children with new-onset seizures. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 30(3), 161–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, A. C., Dua, T., Ma, J., Saxena, S., & Birbeck, G. (2010). Global discrepancies in the epilepsy treatment gap: A systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88, 260–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis, R., Tang, V., Wagner, J. L., Modi, A. C., LaFrance, W., Goldstein, L. H., et al. (2016). Psychological treatments for people with epilepsy (protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., Morita, D., & Glauser, T. (2008). One-month adherence in children with new-onset epilepsy: White-coat compliance does not occur. Pediatrics, 121(4), e961–e966. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., King, A., Monahan, S., Koumoutsos, J., Morita, D., & Glauser, T. (2009). Even a single seizure negatively impacts pediatric health-related quality of life. Epilepsia, 50(9), 2110–2116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., Guilfoyle, S., Morita, D., & Glauser, T. (2011a). Development and reliability of a correction factor for parent-reported adherence to pediatric antiepileptic drug therapy. Epilepsia, 52(2), 370–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02789.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., Ingerski, L., Rausch, J., & Glauser, T. (2011b). Treatment factors affecting longitudinal quality of life in new onset pediatric epilepsy. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 36(4), 466–475. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsq114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., Rausch, J., & Glauser, T. (2011c). Patterns of nonadherence to antiepileptic drug therapy in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. JAMA, 305(16), 1669–1676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., Wu, Y., Guilfoyle, S., & Glauser, T. (2012). Uninformed clinical decisions resulting from lack of adherence assessment in children with new onset epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 25(4), 481–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.09.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., Rausch, J., & Glauser, T. (2014a). Early pediatric antiepileptic drug nonadherence is related to lower long-term seizure freedom. Neurology, 82, 671–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A., Wu, Y., Rausch, J., Peugh, J., & Glauser, T. (2014b). Antiepileptic drug nonadherence predicts pediatric epilepsy seizure outcomes. Neurology, 83, 2085–2090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, A. C., Guilfoyle, S. M., Mann, K. A., & Rausch, J. R. (2016). A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial to improve antiepileptic drug adherence in young children with epilepsy. Epilepsia, 57, e69–e75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz, L. J., Walsh, C. E., Mulder, E., McLaughlin, D. M., Hajcak, G., Carr, E. G., et al. (2017). Intervention for anxiety and problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47, 3930–3948.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, L., Mathur, V., & Lancman, M. (2017). Prolonged exposure therapy for the treatment of patients diagnosed with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Epilepsy and Behavior, 66, 86–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novakova, B., Harris, P., Ponnusamy, A., & Reuber, M. (2013). The role of stress as a trigger for epileptic seizures: A narrative review of evidence from human and animal studies. Epilepsia, 54, 1866–1876.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, A., Thurman, D., & Kim, H. (2017). Comorbidities and risk factors associated with newly diagnosed epilepsy in the U.S. pediatric population. Epilepsy & Behavior, 75, 230–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opp, J., Tuxhorn, I., May, T., Kluger, G., Wiemer-Kruel, A., Kurlemann, G., et al. (2005). Levetiracetam in children with refractory epilepsy: A multicenter open label study in Germany. Seizure, 14(7), 476–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, D., Siddarth, P., Gurbani, S., Koh, S., Tournay, A., Shields, W. D., et al. (2003). Behavioral disorders in pediatric epilepsy: Unmet psychiatric need. Epilepsia, 44, 591–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, H., Scott, E., Dunn, D., & Garg, B. (2007). Non-epileptic seizures in children. Epilepsia, 48(11), 2086–2092.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plioplys, S., Szwed, S., & Varn, M. (2005). Psychiatric problems in children with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (NES). Epilepsia, 46, 159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plioplys, S., Asato, M., Bursch, B., Salpekar, J., Shaw, R., & Caplan, R. (2007). Multidisciplinary management of pediatric nonepileptic seizures. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1491–1495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plioplys, S., Doss, J., Siddarth, P., Birt, D., Bursch, B., Falcone, T., et al. (2012, December). Risk factors for pediatric non-epileptic seizures (NES): Psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of American Epilepsy Society, San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plioplys, S., Doss, J., Siddarth, P., Bursch, B., Falcone, T., Forgey, M., et al. (2014). A multi-site controlled study of risk factors for pediatric psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Epilepsia, 55(11), 1739–1747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plioplys, S., Doss, J., Siddarth, P., Bursch, B., Falcone, T., Forgey, M., et al. (2016). Risk factors for comorbid psychopathology in youth with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Seizure, 38, 32–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rai, D., Kerr, M. P., McManus, S., Jordanova, V., Lewis, G., & Brugha, T. S. (2012). Epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidity: A nationally representative population-based study. Epilepsia, 53(6), 1095–1103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03500.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reger, K. L., Hughes-Scalise, A., & O’Connor, M. A. (2018). Development of the transition-age program (TAP): Review of a pilot psychosocial multidisciplinary transition program in a level 4 epilepsy center. Epilepsy & Behavior, 89, 153–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, C., Atkinson, P., Memon, A., Jones, C., Dabydeen, L., Das, K., et al. (2018). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in parents of young children with epilepsy: A case controlled population-based study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 80, 177–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reuber, M. (2017). Communicating the diagnosis. In B. Dworetzky & G. Baslet (Eds.), Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Toward the integration of care (pp. 179–192). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizou, I., De Gucht, V., Papavasiliou, A., & Maes, S. (2017). Evaluation of a self-regulation based pyscho-educational pilot intervention targeting children and adolescents with epilepsy in Greece. Seizure, 50, 137–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodenburg, R., Stams, G. J., & Meijer, A. M. (2005). Psychopathology in children with epilepsy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(6), 453–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russ, S. A., Larson, K., & Halfon, N. (2012). A national profile of childhood epilepsy and seizure disorder. Pediatrics, 129(2), 256–264. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, J. L., McGrady, M. E., Guilfoyle, S. M., Follansbee-Junger, K., Peugh, J. L., Loiselle, K. A., et al. (2016). Quality of life changes and health care charges among youth with epilepsy. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 41, 888–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salpekar, J., Plioplys, S., Siddarth, P., Bursch, B., Shaw, R., Asato, M., et al. (2010). Pediatric psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: A study of assessment tools. Epilepsy and Behavior, 17, 50–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawchuck, T., & Buchhalter, J. (2015). Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in children: Psychological presentation, treatment and short-term outcomes. Epilepsy and Behavior, 52, 49–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scatolini, F. L., Zanni, K. P., & Pfeifer, L. I. (2017). The influence of epilepsy on children’s perception of self-concept. Epilepsy & Behavior, 69, 75–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schraegle, W., & Titus, J. (2017). The relationship of seizure focus with depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 68, 115–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. W., Mara, C., Ollier, S., Combs, A., & Modi, A. C. (2017). Rebellious behaviors in adolescents with epilepsy. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 43, 52–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A., Mara, C., & Modi, A. (2018). Adherence to antiepileptic drugs in adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 80, 307–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valente, K., Alessi, R., Vincentiis, S., dos Santos, B., & Rzezak, P. (2017). Risk factors for diagnostic delay in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures among children and adolescents. Neurology, 67, 71–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincentiis, S., Valente, K., Thome-Souza, S., Kuczinsky, E., Fiore, L. A., & Negrao, N. (2006). Risk factors for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 8, 294–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, J., & Smith, G. (2006). Psychosocial intervention in pediatric epilepsy: A critique of the literature. Epilepsy & Behavior, 8, 39–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, D. L., Wilson, D. A., Smith, G., Malek, A., & Selassie, A. W. (2015). Neurodevelopmental and mental health comorbidities in children and adolescents with epilepsy and migraine: A response to identified research gaps. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 57(1), 45–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, J. L., Modi, A. C., Johnson, E. K., Shegog, R., Escoffery, C., Bamps, Y., et al. (2017). Self-management interventions in pediatric epilepsy: What is the level of evidence? Epilepsia, 58, 743–754.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L., Garber, J., & Greene, J. (1991). Somatization symptoms in pediatric abdominal pain patients: Relation to chronicity of abdominal pains and parent somatization. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 379–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, L. B., Xu, H., & Zhang, X. (2012). A comparison of quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy or asthma using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Epilepsy Research, 101, 157–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wieland, J., & Zitman, F. G. (2016). It is time to bring borderline intellectual functioning back into the main fold of classification systems. BJPsych Bulletin, 40, 204–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y., Follansbee-Junger, K., Rausch, J., & Modi, A. (2014). Parent and family stress predict health-related quality in pediatric patients with new-onset epilepsy. Epilepsia, 55(6), 866–877. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wyllie, E., Glazer, J., Benbadis, S., Kotagal, P., & Wolgumuth, B. (1999). Psychiatric features of children and adolescents with pseudoseizures. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 244–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuen, A., Keezer, M., & Sander, J. (2018). Epilepsy is a neurological and a systematic disorder. Epilepsy & Behavior, 78, 57–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karla K. Fehr .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Fehr, K.K., Doss, J., Hughes-Scalise, A., Littles, M.M.D. (2019). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Epilepsy and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures. In: Friedberg, R.D., Paternostro, J.K. (eds) Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Medical Conditions. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21683-2_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics