Abstract
Constraints have traditionally been used to ensure data quality. Recently, several constraint languages such as SHACL, as well as mechanisms for constraint validation, have been proposed for Knowledge Graphs (KGs). KGs are often enhanced with ontologies that define relevant background knowledge in a formal language such as OWL 2 QL. However, existing systems for constraint validation either ignore these ontologies, or compile ontologies and constraints into rules that should be executed by some rule engine. In the latter case, one has to rely on different systems when validating constrains over KGs and over ontology-enhanced KGs. In this work, we address this problem by defining rewriting techniques that allow to compile an OWL 2 QL ontology and a set of SHACL constraints into another set of SHACL constraints. We show that in the general case the rewriting may not exists, but it always exists for the positive fragment of SHACL. Our rewriting techniques allow to validate constraints over KGs with and without ontologies using the same SHACL validation engines.
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Notes
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Recall that for query rewriting the input is a query q and ontology \(\mathcal {O}\) and the output is another query \(q'\) such that for any database D so-called certain answers of q over \(\langle \mathcal {O}, \mathcal {D} \rangle \) coincide with the answers of \(q'\) over \(\mathcal {D} \) alone [9].
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The axiom of the kind \(V \sqsubseteq \exists R.C\) in syntactically not in \({\textit{DL-Lite}_R}{}\) but it can be expressed using a “fresh” role \(R_1\) and three axioms: \(V \sqsubseteq \exists R_1\), \(R_1 \sqsubseteq R\) and \(\exists R^{-}_1 \sqsubseteq C\).
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In this entailment we consider \(\mathcal {M}\) as an infinite conjunction of atoms.
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Acknowledgments
This work was partially funded by the SIRIUS Centre, Norwegian Research Council project number 237898; by the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano projects QUEST, ROBAST and ADVANCED4KG.
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Savković, O., Kharlamov, E., Lamparter, S. (2019). Validation of SHACL Constraints over KGs with OWL 2 QL Ontologies via Rewriting. In: Hitzler, P., et al. The Semantic Web. ESWC 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11503. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21348-0_21
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