Abstract
This chapter examines evidence of racially and religiously motivated discrimination and abuse in the wake of the Race Relations Act 1965 . It then examines communal responses to racism and hate crime amidst further legislative action towards immigration control and the emergence of extremist rhetoric from political parties in the UK. It will be seen that repressive measures to restrict immigration were presented to the British public as a means to further race relations . These measures, it will be suggested, remained underpinned by modernist assumptions regarding the destabilising effect of immigration upon social and political order, couched in the language of competition for scarce resources. This rhetoric however masked continuing anxiety regarding the political and ideological threat posed by immigrant groups and their descendants, amidst an increasing awareness regarding the interdependency of foreign policy and home affairs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Allen, C. (2010). Islamophobia. London: Routledge.
All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Antisemitism. (2006). Report of the All-Party Inquiry into AntiSemitism. London: TSO.
Altab Ali Foundation. (undated). Summer of ’78: Anti-Racists Fight Back. Altab Ali Foundation. http://www.altabalifoundation.org.uk/articles/Summer_of_78.pdf. Accessed 30 September 2017.
Ball, R. (2012). Violent Urban Disturbance in England 1980–1981 (Unpublished PhD thesis). University of the West of England.
Bethnal Green and Stepney Trades Council. (1978). Blood on the Streets: A Report by the Bethnal Green and Stepney Trades Council on Racial Attacks in East London. London: Bethnal Green and Stepney Trades Council.
Brown, C. (1984). Black and White Britain. London: Heinemann.
Brown, J. (1982). Policing by Multi-Racial Consent: The Handsworth Experience. London: Bedford Square Press of the National Council for Voluntary Organisations.
Burnett, J. (2009). Racism and the State: Authoritarianism and Coercion. In R. Coleman, J. Sim, S. Tombs, & D. Whyte (Eds.), State, Power, Crime. London: Sage.
Cashmore, E. (1979, August 25). The Rastaman Cometh. New Society, 41(777), 382–384.
Cook, D. (1993). Racism, Citizenship and Exclusion. In D. Cook & B. Hudson (Eds.), Racism and Criminology (pp. 136–157). London: Sage.
Daniel, W. (1968). Racial Discrimination in England. London: Penguin.
Dixon, B., & Gadd, D. (2006). Getting the Message? ‘New’ Labour and the Criminalization of ‘Hate’. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 6(3), 309–328.
Durham, M. (1998). Women and Fascism. London: Routledge.
Eatwell, R. (2003). Fascism: A History (2nd ed.). London: Pimlico.
Fielding, N. (1981). The National Front. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Fisher, G., & Joshua, H. (1982). Social Policy and Black Youth. In E. Cashmore & B. Troyna (Eds.), Black Youth in Crisis. London: Allen and Unwin.
Foot, P. (1965). Immigration and Race in British Politics. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.
Gordon, P. (1983). White Law: Racism in the Police, Courts and Prisons. London: Pluto Press.
Hall, S., Critcher, C., Jefferson, T., Clarke, J., & Roberts, B. (1978). Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order. London: Macmillan.
Harwood, R. (1974). Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth at Last. London: Historical Review Press.
Heineman, B. (1972). The Politics of the Powerless. A Study of the Campaign Against Racial Discrimination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hindell, K. (1965). The Genesis of the Race Relations Bill. The Political Quarterly, 36(4), 390–405.
Hiro, D. (1971). Black British, White British: A History of Race Relations in Britain. London: Grafton.
Holdaway, S. (1996). The Racialisation of British Policing. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Hunte, J. (1966). Nigger Hunting in England? London: West Indian Standing Conference.
Institute of Race Relations. (1979). Police Against Black People. London: Institute of Race Relations.
Joyce, P. (2002). The Politics of Protest: Extra-Parliamentary Politics in Britain Since 1970. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Joyce, P., & Wain, N. (2014). Palgrave Dictionary of Public Order Policing, Protest and Political Violence. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Keith, M. (1992). Race, Riots and Policing: Lore and Disorder in a Multi-Racist Society. London: UCL Press.
Labour Party. (1964). The New Britain. http://www.politicsresources.net/area/uk/man/lab64.htm. Accessed 4 July 2018.
Layton-Henry, Z. (1992). The Politics of Immigration. Oxford: Blackwell.
Miles, R., & Phizacklea, A. (1984). White Man’s Country: Racism in British Politics. London: Pluto Press.
Moore, R. (1975). Racism and Black Resistance in Britain. London: Pluto Press.
Moss Side Defence Committee. (1981). The Hytner Myths. Manchester: Moss Side Defence Committee.
National Council of Civil Liberties. (1980). Southall 23 April 1979: The Report of the Unofficial Committee of Enquiry. London: NCCL.
Olusoga, D. (2016). Black and British: A Forgotten History. Basingstoke and London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Patterson, S. (1967). Immigration and Race Relations in Britain 1960–1967. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ramamurthy, A. (2013). Black Star: Britain’s Asian Youth Movements. London: Pluto Press.
Roach Family Support Committee. (1989). Policing in Hackney 1945–1984. London: Karia Press.
Runnymede Commission on Antisemitism. (1994). A Very Light Sleeper: The Persistence and Dangers of Antisemitism. Review by the Runnymede Commission on Antisemitism. London: Runnymede Trust.
Scarman, L. (1981). The Brixton Disorders 10–12 April 1981: Report of an Inquiry by the Rt. Hon., the Lord Scarman, O.B.E. London: HMSO, Cmnd 8427.
Scott, D. (1975). The National Front in Local Politics: Some Interpretations. In I. Crewe (Ed.), British Political Sociology Year Book: Vol. 2 The Politics of Race (pp. 214–238). London: Croom Helm.
Sivanandan, A. (1983, Autumn). Challenging Racism: Strategies for the ’80s. Race and Class, XXV(2), 1–11.
Smith, A. (1994). New Right Discourse on Race and Sexuality: Britain 1968–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, D. (1977). Racial Disadvantage in Britain. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Small, S. (1983). Police and People in London: A Group of Young Black People. London: Policy Studies Institute.
Solomos, J. (1989). Race and Racism in Contemporary Britain. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Sudbury, J. (1998). ‘Other Kinds of Dreams’: Black Women’s Organisations and the Politics of Transformation. London: Routledge.
Thatcher, M. (1978). TV Interview for Granada World in Action. Margaret Thatcher Foundation. http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103485. Accessed 30 September 2017.
Tompson, K. (1988). Under Siege; Racial Violence in Britain Today. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.
United Nations. (1996). Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. (Report by Mr. Maurice Glele-Ahanhanzo, Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Submitted Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights Resolutions 1993/20 and 1995/12. Economic and Social Council, E/CN.4/1996/72/Add.4). New York City: United Nations.
Walker, M. (1977). The National Front. London: Fontana.
White, L. (1994) “The History of Blacks in Britain: From Slavery to Rebellion” cited in Socialist Alternative. https://www.socialistalternative.org/panther-black-rebellion/history-blacks-britain-slavery-rebellion/. Accessed 12 October 2017.
Wilkinson, P. (1981). The New Fascists. London: Grant McIntyre.
Witte, R. (1996). Racist Violence and the State. London: Longman.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Laverick, W., Joyce, P. (2019). Racially Motivated Discrimination, Extremist Rhetoric, and Immigration Control: 1960 to the Early 1980s. In: Racial and Religious Hate Crime. Palgrave Hate Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21317-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21317-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21316-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21317-6
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)