Abstract
Narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) were fully domesticated as a valuable grain legume crop in Australia during the mid-twentieth century. Pedigree records are available for 31 released varieties and 93 common ancestors from 1967 to 2016, which provides a rare opportunity to study genetic diversity and population inbreeding in a crop following a domestication bottleneck. From the 1930s–1960s, partially domesticated germplasm was exchanged among lupin breeders in eastern and western Europe, Australia, and USA. Mutants of two founder parents contributed to the first fully domesticated narrow-leafed lupin variety “Uniwhite” in 1967. Four Phases of breeding are proposed after domestication in the Australian lupin breeding program: Foundation (1967–1987), First Diversification (1987–1998), Exploitation (1998–2007), and Second Diversification (2007–2016) Phases. Foundation Phase varieties had only two or three founder parents following the domestication bottleneck and high average coefficient of coancestry (f = 0.45). The First Diversification Phase varieties were derived from crosses with wild lupin ecotypes, and varieties in this Phase had lower average coefficient of coancestry (f = 0.27). Population coancestry increased in varieties of the Exploitation Phase (f = 0.39). The rate of inbreeding (ΔF) between the First Diversification and Exploitation Phase (10 years) was 0.09 per cycle, which equates to 9% loss of alleles per cycle due to random drift and low-effective population size (Ne = 5.4), assuming two 5-year cycles. New genetic diversity was introduced in the Second Diversification Phase varieties (f = 0.24) following more crossing with wild lupins. Genetic progress in Australian lupin breeding so far has been substantial with improvements in grain yield and disease resistance, but narrow genetic diversity will limit future genetic progress. The pedigree of the latest varieties includes 39.1% from three founder varieties in the domestication bottleneck and 48.3% from 9 wild ecotypes that survived 50 years of selection. In terms of conservation genetics, the Australian lupin breeding program is a critically endangered population, and subject to excessive random drift. Migration of genetic diversity from wild lupins or exchange with international breeding programs will improve long-term genetic gain and effectiveness of genomic selection.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Change history
14 April 2020
Correction to: Chapter 1 in: K. B. Singh et al. (eds.), The Lupin Genome, Compendium of Plant Genomes, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21270-4_1
The original version of this book was inadvertently published with the below-mentioned error:
Incorrect Figure 1.1 had been placed in Chapter 1. The erratum chapter and the book have been updated.
References
Avendaño S, Villanueva B, Woolliams JA (2003) Expected increases in genetic merit from using optimized contributions in two livestock populations of beef cattle and sheep. J Anim Sci 81:2964–2975
Berger JD, Buirchell BJ, Luckett DJ, Nelson MN (2012) Domestication bottlenecks limit genetic diversity and constrain adaptation in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Theor Appl Genet 124:637–652
Berger JD, Clements JC, Nelson MN, Kamphuis LG, Singh KB, Buirchell BJ (2013) The essential role of genetic resources in narrow-leafed lupin improvement. Crop Pasture Sci 64:361–373
Boakes EH, Wang J, Amos W (2007) An investigation of inbreeding depression and purging in captive pedigreed populations. Heredity 98:172–182
Buirchell BJ (2008) Narrow-leafed lupin breeding in Australia -where to from here? In: Palta JA, Berger JB (eds) Lupins for health and wealth. Proceedings of the 12th international lupin conference, Fremantle, Western Australia, 14–18 Sept 2008, pp 226–230. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20103116770. Accessed 6 May 2019
Clements JC, Buirchell BJ, Yang H, Smith PMC, Sweetingham MW, Smith CG (2005) Lupin, Chapter 9. In: Singh RJ, Jauhar PP (eds) Genetic resources, chromosome engineering, and crop improvement: grain legumes, vol I. CRC Press, pp 291–396
Corbin LJ, Blott SC, Swinburne JE, Vaudin M, Bishop SC, Woolliams JA (2010) Linkage disequilibrium and historical effective population size in the Thoroughbred horse. Animal Genetics 41:8–15
Cowling WA (1999) Pedigrees and characteristics of narrow-leafed lupin cultivars released in Australia from 1967 to 1998. Bulletin 4365, Agriculture Western Australia
Cowling WA (2007) Genetic diversity in Australian canola and implications for crop breeding for changing future environments. Field Crops Res 104:103–111
Cowling WA, Allen JG, Wood PMcR (1988) Resistance to Phomopsis stem blight reduces the lupinosis toxicity of narrow-leafed lupin stems. Aust J Exp Agric 28:195–202
Cowling WA, Buirchell BJ, Falk DE (2009) A model for incorporating novel alleles from the primary gene pool into elite crop breeding programs while reselecting major genes for domestication or adaptation. Crop Pasture Sci 60:1009–1015
Cowling WA, Buirchell BJ, Tapia ME (1998a) Lupin. Lupinus spp. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 23. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy, 105 pp
Cowling WA, Huyghe C, Swiecicki W (1998b) Lupin breeding, Chapter 4. In: Gladstones JS, Atkins CA, Hamblin J (eds) Lupins as crop plants—biology, production and utilization. CAB International UK, pp 93–120
Cowling WA, Gladstones JS (2000) Lupin breeding in Australia. In: Knight R (ed) Linking research and marketing opportunities for pulses in the 21st century. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp 541–547
Cowling WA, Li L (2018) Turning the heat up on independent culling in crop breeding. In: Hermesch S, Dominik S (eds) Breeding focus 2018—reducing heat stress. Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, Australia, pp 119–134
Cowling WA, Li L, Siddique KHM, Henryon M, Berg P, Banks RG, Kinghorn BP (2017) Evolving gene banks: improving diverse populations of crop and exotic germplasm with optimal contribution selection. J Exp Bot 68:1927–1939
Cowling WA, Sweetingham MW, Diepeveen D, Cullis BR (1997) Heritability of resistance to brown spot and root rot of narrow-leafed lupins caused by Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Hughes in field experiments. Plant Breed 116:341–345
Cowling WA, Wood PMcR (1989) Resistance to Phomopsis stem and pod blight of narrow-leafed lupin in a range of environments and its association with reduced Phomopsis seed infection. Aust J Exp Agric 29:43–50
Falconer DS, Mackay TFC (1996) Introduction to quantitative genetics, 4th edn. Longman, Harlow, UK
Garlinge J (2005) 2005 crop variety sowing guide for Western Australia. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth. Bulletin 4655. https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1156&context=bulletins. Accessed 6 May 2019
Gizlice Z, Carter TE Jr, Burton JW (1994) Genetic base for North American public soybean cultivars released between 1947 and 1988. Crop Sci 34:1143–1151
Gladstones JS (1970) Lupins as crop plants. Field Crop Abstr 23:123–148
Gladstones JS (1975) Lupin breeding in Western Australia: the narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). J Dep Agric West Aust, Series 4, 16:44–49. https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4/vol16/iss2/4. Accessed 6 May 2019
Gladstones JS (1998) Distribution, origin, taxonomy, history and importance, Chapter 1. In: Gladstones JS, Atkins CA, Hamblin J (eds) Lupins as crop plants—biology, production and utilization. CAB International UK, pp 1–39
Goddard ME, Hayes BJ (2009) Mapping genes for complex traits in domestic animals and their use in breeding programmes. Nat Rev Genet 10:381–391
IP Australia (2019) Plant breeders rights—search plant breeders rights. https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/plant-breeders-rights. Accessed 6 May 2019
Jones RAC, Cowling WA (1995) Resistance to seed transmission of cucumber mosaic virus in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). Aust J Agric Res 46:1339–1352
Mikołajczyk J (1966) Genetic studies in Lupinus angustifolius. Part III. Inheritance of the alkaloid content, seed hardness and length of the growing season in blue lupin. Genet Pol 7:181–196
Mousavi-Derazmahalleh M, Bayer PE, Nevado B, Hurgobin B, Filatov D, Kilian A, Kamphuis LG, Singh KB, Berger JD, Hane JK, Edwards D, Erskine W, Nelson MN (2018) Exploring the genetic and adaptive diversity of a pan-Mediterranean crop wild relative: narrow-leafed lupin. Theor Appl Genet 131:887–901
Murphy-Bokern D, Stoddard FL, Watson CL (2017) Legumes in cropping systems. CAB International UK
Rutledge LY, Desy G, Fryxell JM, Middel K, White BN, Patterson BR (2017) Patchy distribution and low effective population size raise concern for an at-risk top predator. Divers Distrib 23:79–89
Si P, Pan G, Sweetingham M (2011) Semi-dominant genes confer additive tolerance to metribuzin in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) mutants. Euphytica 177:411–418
Stefanova KT, Buirchell B (2010) Multiplicative mixed models for genetic gain assessment in lupin breeding. Crop Sci 50:880–891
Święcicki W, Kroc M, Kamel KA (2015) Lupins, Chapter 6. In: de Ron AM (ed) ‘Grain Legumes’, Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 10. Springer NY, pp 179–218
Taylor CM, Kamphuis LG, Zhang W, Garg G, Berger JD, Mousavi-Derazmahalleh M, Bayer PE, Edwards D, Singh KB, Cowling WA, Nelson MN (2019) INDEL variation in the regulatory region of the major flowering time gene LanFTc1 is associated with vernalisation response and flowering time in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). Plant Cell Environ 42:174–187
Acknowledgements
I received substantial help from Australian and international colleagues who provided material for this chapter. Dr. Bevan Buirchell kindly filled in some gaps in the pedigree record. Mr Paul McGowan, Senior Technical Officer (Bioinformatics) Agri-Science Queensland, kindly developed the pedigree diagram shown in Fig. 1.1. I thank international colleagues who sent substantial amounts of information, including Dr. Fred Stoddard (University of Helsinki, Finland), Dr. Galina Gataulina (The Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Academy), Dr. Erik von Baer (Semillas Baer, Chile), and Prof. dr. hab. Wojciech Święcicki (Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cowling, W.A. (2020). Genetic Diversity in Narrow-Leafed Lupin Breeding After the Domestication Bottleneck. In: Singh, K., Kamphuis, L., Nelson, M. (eds) The Lupin Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21270-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21270-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21269-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21270-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)