Abstract
Neurodevelopmental decline in patients with agammaglobulinemia is highly suspicious for chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis
Repeated CSF studies, or additional studies such as brain biopsy or stool samples, may be necessary to yield the diagnosis
Treatment options are limited but the typical initial treatment is high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bearden D, Collett M, Quan PL, Costa-Carvalho BT, Sullivan KE. Enteroviruses in X-linked agammaglobulinemia: update on epidemiology and therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4(6):1059–65.
Rudge P, Webster AD, Revesz T, Warner T, Espanol T, Cunningham-Rundles C, Hyman N. Encephalomyelitis in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia. Brain. 1996;119(Pt 1):1–15.
Lee J, Seminario G, Jyonouchi S, Moreira I, Raccio AG, Bezrodnik L, Sullivan K. Diagnosing and treating enteroviral CNS infections in agammaglobulinemia. Annals Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117:S122–4.
McKinney RE Jr, Katz SL, Wilfert CM. Chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis in agammaglobulinemic patients. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9(2):334–56.
Winkelstein JA, Marino MC, Lederman HM, Jones SM, Sullivan K, Burks AW, Conley ME, Cunningham-Rundles C, Ochs HD. X-linked agammaglobulinemia: report on a United States registry of 201 patients. Medicine. 2006;85(4):193–202.
Webster AD, Rotbart HA, Warner T, Rudge P, Hyman N. Diagnosis of enterovirus brain disease in hypogammaglobulinemic patients by polymerase chain reaction. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;17(4):657–61.
Shaker OG, Abdelhamid N. Detection of enteroviruses in pediatric patients with aseptic meningitis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;129:67–71.
Strating JR, van der Linden L, Albulescu L, Bigay J, Arita M, Delang L, Leyssen P, van der Schaar HM, Lanke KH, Thibaut HJ, Ulferts R, Drin G, Schlinck N, Wubbolts RW, Sever N, Head SA, Liu JO, Beachy PA, De Matteis MA, Shair MD, Olkkonen VM, Neyts J, van Kuppeveld FJ. Itraconazole inhibits enterovirus replication by targeting the oxysterol-binding protein. Cell Rep. 2015;10(4):600–15.
Tyler KL. Rationale for the evaluation of fluoxetine in the treatment of enterovirus D68-associated acute flaccid myelitis. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(5):493–4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lee, J. (2019). Developmental Regression. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Pediatric Immunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21262-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21262-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21261-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21262-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)