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Impact of Migration on Rural Region in Post-socialist Slovakia

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Three Decades of Transformation in the East-Central European Countryside

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to asses the impact of migration on the development of the population of Slovak rural regions as well as on the accumulation of their human capital expressed by educational structure of population. The analysis is based on the anonymized data on individual migrations at the level of individual municipalities (LAU2) provided by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for each year over the period 1997–2016. The overall transformation of the migration patterns in post-socialist era is identified first to point out the impact of main migration trends to the rural regions. The results show an increasing migration loss of rural regions at the expense of metropolitan regions, especially the region of Bratislava. In the following part we evaluate the selective nature of migration by the educational attainment of migrants as a significant aspect of the local and regional human capital. The analysis reveals that migration losses are increasing with the increasing level of education. Generally, migration in rural regions contributes to population decline as well as deterioration of human capital. While the region of Bratislava and adjacent regions show dynamic population growth by migration, vast areas particularly in eastern and south-central Slovakia suffer from migration loss driven mainly by well-educated and young people. This can act as a constraint for further economic development of rural regions. However, case study analysis shows that rural character can be beneficial for regions in attracting migrants even with higher educational attainment, but this is determined by their localisation within commuting distance to the centres of metropolitan regions or major economic hubs of the country.

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Acknowledgements

The research results presented in this paper are the outcome of the project VEGA 1/0395/17: Centripetal and centrifugal processes in the transformation of the regional system in Slovakia.

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  1. Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia

    Ladislav Novotný

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  1. Ladislav Novotný
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Correspondence to Ladislav Novotný .

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  1. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Warsaw, Poland

    Jerzy Bański

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Novotný, L. (2019). Impact of Migration on Rural Region in Post-socialist Slovakia. In: Bański, J. (eds) Three Decades of Transformation in the East-Central European Countryside. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21237-7_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21237-7_8

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