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Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis

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All Around the Nose

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a worldwide health-related issue having an effect on 10–20% of the entire population, hence causing AR to be the most prevalent chronic non-communicable disorder. Thus, the financial burden of AR with important direct and indirect expenses should not be underrated. Numerous components in the environmental surroundings make contributions to the creation of allergic diseases (for instance, antibiotics, immunizations, cigarette smoke, pets, and diet); however, it is hard to understand the way of changing the surroundings to lessen the potential risks. In birth cohorts, environmental exposure may be assessed by studying the complex gene-environment interactions. AR usually starts following 2 years of age, but the actual prevalence in early life is not known. AR impacts on 10–30% of the population, seen most commonly in children and adolescents. It looks like the prevalence has risen in children. While the child’s immune system evolves through the first and fourth year of life, individuals with an atopic predisposition start to exhibit allergic disorder showing an obvious Th2 response to allergen exposure, producing symptoms. The prevalence of AR varies between 3 and 19% as documented by the epidemiologic studies carried out in several countries. Data suggest SAR (hay fever) is identified in roughly 10% of the normal population while perennial rhinitis (PAR) is seen in 10–20% of the normal population. In this chapter, the epidemiology of allergic rhinitis is presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Ramazan Öçal

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Nuray Bayar Muluk

  3. Unitat de Rinologia and Clínica de l’Olfacte, Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental (IDIBAPS), CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Joaquim Mullol

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  1. Ramazan Öçal
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  1. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Cemal Cingi

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey

    Nuray Bayar Muluk

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Öçal, R., Bayar Muluk, N., Mullol, J. (2020). Epidemiology of Allergic Rhinitis. In: Cingi, C., Bayar Muluk, N. (eds) All Around the Nose. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_33

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