Abstract
The traditional integrated ironmaking route is based on coke making. Coke provides the support for the materials in the BF as well as acts as reducing agent for the iron oxides increasing temperature through its thermal energy. Coke making is responsible for the 10% of the energy consumption of the integrated ironmaking route; it is a material-intensive process, and it consumes enormous volumes of water. Water is considered as fundamental in the design of sustainable steelmaking routes. In the present chapter, the water treatment solutions, devoted to dangerous compound elimination, are described. Coke making faced important issues related to the increasing environmental pressure, the reduction of the availability of good coking coals, and the need to renew old coke making facilities. Many and different technologies have been developed for integrating or substituting the existing ones in order to reduce the coke needing in the traditional integrated steelmaking plant. CDQ and CSCB are described as efficient solutions. These are examples of how the old coke ovens must be substituted in order to meet the climate protection objectives. The coal moisture control and other plant solutions are analyzed. The energy balance, the plant costs, and the efficiency in the greenhouse emissions abatement per each described solutions are underlined. CSQ (Coke Stabilization Quenching) as an advanced wet quenching system with low environmental impact was underlined. Other emerging technologies that could become important alternatives in the near future are described. For example, the chemical-looping combustion (CLC) of COG, with the objective to improve combustion efficiency and facilitating the capture of the CO2 produced in the system, has been proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahrendt WA, Beggs D (1981) Apparatus for direct reduction of iron using high sulfur gas. US patent 4270739
Alvarez R, Diez MA, Barriocanal C, Cimadevilla JLG (2005) Cimadevilla JLG La tecnologÃa de producción de coque de horno alto ante el nuevo milenio. Rev Metal Madrid Vol Extr 29–34
Aravinda PA, Kumarappa S (2014) Computational fluid dynamics analysis of double flue technology in Coke Dry Quenching. Int J Lat Technol Eng Manag Appl Sci 3(10):117–121
Argyle MD, Bartholomew CH (2015) Heterogeneous catalyst deactivation and regeneration: a review. Catalysts 5:145–269. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal5010145
Babich A, Senk D (2019) Coke in the iron and steel industry. In: New trends in coal conversion-combustion, gasification, emissions, and coking, pp 367–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102201-6.00013-3
Bejan A, Mamut E (eds) (1999) Thermodynamic optimization of complex energy systems (NATO Advanced Study Institute, Romania). Kluwer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4685-2
Bermúdez JM, Arenillas A, Luque R, Menendez JA (2013) An overview of novel technologies to valorise coke oven gas surplus. Fuel Proc Technol 110:150–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.12.007
Bisio G, Rubatto G (2000) Energy saving and some environment improvements in coke-oven plants. Energy 25:247–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-5442(99)00066-3
Biswas B, Kumar A, Sahu R, Mishra P, Haldar SK (2015) Experience of Tata Steel’s first CDQ stabilization, METEC & ESTAD, Dusseldorf
Buczynski R, Weber R, Kim R, Schwöppe P (2018) Investigation of the heat-recovery/non-recovery coke oven operation using a one-dimensional model. Appl Therm Energy 144:170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.08.055
Burmistrz P, Rozwadowski A, Burmistrz M, Karcz A (2014) Coke dust enhances coke plant wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 117(1):278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.025
Cavaliere P (2016) Ironmaking and steelmaking processes: greenhouse emissions, control, and reduction. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39529-6
Chen WH, Lin MR, Yu AB, Dud SW, Leu TS (2012) Hydrogen production from steam reforming of coke oven gas and its utility for indirect reduction of iron oxides in blast furnace. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:11748–11758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.021
Chen J, Aries E, Collins P, Anderson DR, Hodges JS (2015) Characterization of priority substances in effluents from an integrated steelworks in the United Kingdom. Water Environ Res 87(3):132–144. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143014X14062131179311
Cheng H, Lu X, Hu D, Zhang Y, Ding W, Zhao H (2011) Hydrogen production by catalytic partial oxidation of coke oven gas in BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ membranes with surface modification. Int J Hydrogen Energy 36(1):528–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.002
Couch GR (2001) Metallurgical coke production. CCC/57, London, UK, IEA Coal Research
Czaplicki A, Janusz M (2012) Preparation of coal batch for top loading: experimental research. Coke Chem 55:366–371. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X12100031
Danilin EA (2017) Improving the performance of dry-quenching units by minimizing coke losses. Coke Chem 60(2):59–70. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X17020028
Delasalle F (2019) Steel in the global value chain and in the circular economy. Steel and coal: a new perspective, Bruxelles, 28 March 2019
Diemer P, Killich HJ, Knop K, Lüngen HB, Reinko M, Schmöle P (2004) Potentials for utilization of coke oven gas in integrated iron and steel works. In: 2nd international meeting on ironmaking and 1st international symposium on Iron Ore and parallel event- 5th Japan-Brazil Symposium on Dust Processing-Energy-Environment on Metallurgical Industries, pp. 433–446
Diez M A, Alvarez R, Melendi S, Barriocanal C (2007) Feedstock recycling of plastic wastes in cokemaking. In: 2007 international conference on coal science and technology. Programme and full papers, Nottingham, UK, 28–31 August 2007. IEA Clean Coal Centre, CD-ROM, London, Paper 2P43
Duan W, Yu Q, Liu J, Qin Q (2016) Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production from COG-steam reforming process using blast furnace slag as heat carrier. Energy Technol 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48182-1_3
Errera MR, Milanez LF (2000) Thermodynamic analysis of a coke dry quenching unit. Energy Convers Manag 41:109–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(99)00090-4
European IPPC Bureau (2011) Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for iron and steel production. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)
Fallot A, Saint-André L, Laclau J-P, Nouvellon Y, Marsden C, Le Maire G, Silva T, Piketty M-G, Hamel O, Bouillet J-P (2008) Biomass sustainability, availability and productivity. Paper presented at: 4th ULCOS seminar, Essen, Germany, 1–2 Oct 2008. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2009072
Garcia SG, Montequin VR, Fernandez RL, Fernandez FO (2019) Evaluation of the synergies in cogeneration with steel waste gases based on Life Cycle Assessment: a combined coke oven and steelmaking gas case study. J Clean Prod 217:576–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.262
Ghosh SK (2019) Waste water recycling and management. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2619-6
Gilyazetdinov RR, Sukhov IY, Nechaev VV, Yakimov VS (2015) Energy-efficient dry quenching of coke. Coke Chem 58(6):229–231. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X1506006X
Gong MH, Yi Q, Huang Y, Wu GS, Hao YH, Feng J, Li WY (2017) Coke oven gas to methanol process integrated with CO2 recycle for high energy efficiency, economic benefits and low emissions. Energy Convers Manag 133:318–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.12.010
Habashi F (2016) Dry quenching: clean technology in coke production. Coal Age 121(5):40–41
Hanrot F, Sert D, Delinchant J, Pietruck R, Bürgler T, Babich A, Fernández M, Alvarez R, Diez M A (2009) CO2 mitigation for steelmaking using charcoal and plastic wastes as reducing agents and secondary raw materials. Paper presented at: 1st Spanish national conference on advances in materials recycling and eco-energy, Madrid, Spain, 12–13 November
Indimath S, Shunmugasundaram R, Balamurugan S, Das B, Singh R, Dutta M (2018) Ultrasonic technique for online measurement of bulk density of stamp charge coal cakes in coke plants. Fuel Precess Technol 172:155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.12.017
Jiang X, Bai X-Q, Zhou D-D (2017) Injection of coke dry quenching dust in blast furnace. Kang T’ieh/Iron Steel 52(11):64–68. https://doi.org/10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20170174
Jin H, Sun S, Han W, Gao L (2009) Proposal of a novel multifunctional energy system for cogeneration of coke, hydrogen, and power. J Eng Gas Turbine Power. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3078791
Johansson MT, Soderstrom M (2011) Options for the Swedish steel industry – energy efficiency measures and fuel conversion. Energy 36:191–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.10.053
Joseck F, Wang M, Wu Y (2008) Potential energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of hydrogen production from coke oven gas in U.S. steel mills. Int J Hydrogen Energy 33:1445–1454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.10.022
Karcz A, Strugala A (2008) Increasing chances of utilizing the domestic coking coal resources through technological operations in coal blend preparation. Miner Resour Manag 24:5–18
Kato K, Matsueda K (2017) Leading edge of coal utilization technologies for gasification and cokemaking. Kona 2018(35):112–121. https://doi.org/10.14356/kona.2018018
Kato K, Nomura S, Fukuda K, Uematsu H, Kondoh H (2006) Development of waste plastics recycling process using coke oven. Nippon Steel Tech Rep (94):75–79. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.42.Suppl_S10
Khzouz M, Gkanas EI, Du S, Wood J (2018) Catalytic performance of Ni-Cu/Al2O3 for effective syngas production by methanol steam reforming. Fuel 232:672–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.06.025
Kojima A (2009) Steel industry’s global warming measures and sectoral approaches. Q Rev (33):55–68
Koval L, Sakurovs R (2019) Variability of metallurgical coke reactivity under the NSC test conditions. Fuel 241:519–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.12.053
Krzywicka A, Kwarciak-Kozłowska A (2014) Advanced oxidation processes with coke plant wastewater treatment. Water Sci Technol 69(9):1875–1878. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.098
Kumar PP, Barman S, Ranjan M, Gosh S, Raju VVS (2008) Maximization of non-coking coals in coke production from non-recovery coke ovens. Ironmak Steelmak 25(1):33–37. https://doi.org/10.1179/174328107X174762
Kumar R, Bhakta P, Chakrabortty S, Pal P (2011) Separating cyanide from coke wastewater by cross flow nanofiltration. Sep Sci Technol 46(13):2119–2127. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2011.594479
Kuyumcu HZ, Sander S (2014) Stamped and pressed coal cakes for carbonization in by-product and heat-recovery coke ovens. Fuel 121:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.12.028
Kwiecińska A, Figa J, Stelmach S (2016) The use of phenolic wastewater in coke production. Pol J Environ Stud 25(2):465–470. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/60725
Lange LC, Ferreira AFM (2016) The effect of recycled plastics and cooking oil on coke quality. Waste Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.039
Lech K, Jursova S, Kobel P, Pustejovska P, Bilik J, Figiel A, Romański L (2019) The relation between CRI, CSR indexes, chemical composition and physical parameters of commercial metallurgical cokes. Ironmak Steelmak 46(2):124–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2017.1353764
Lei Q, Wu M, Cao W-H, She J-H (2008) Operating-state-based intelligent control of combustion process of coke oven. In Proceedings of the 17th world congress the international federation of automatic control, Seoul, Korea, July 6–11
Lesch R (2016) Situation with coking coals on a global scale. Stamp charging technologies as a way to improve the situation. Technical contribution to the 46° Seminário de Redução de Minério de Ferro e Matérias-primas, to 17° Simpósio Brasileiro de Minério de Ferro and to 4° Simpósio Brasileiro de Aglomeração de Minério de Ferro, part of the ABM week, September 26th–30th, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Li G, Qu P, Kong J, Jiang G, Xie L, Gao P, Wu Z, He Y (2013) Coke oven intelligent integrated control system. Appl Math Inform Sci 7(3):1043–1050. https://doi.org/10.12785/amis/070323
Li J, Ma X, Liu H, Zhang X (2018) Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of methanol production from coke oven gas compared with coal and natural gas routes. J Clean Prod 185:299–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.100
Liu J, Ou HS, Wei CH, Wu HZ, He JZ, Lu DH (2016) Novel multistep physical/chemical and biological integrated system for coking wastewater treatment: technical and economic feasibility. J Water Process Eng 10:98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.02.007
Lulianelli A, Ribeirinha P, Mendes A, Basile A (2014) Methanol steam reforming for hydrogen generation via conventional and membrane reactors: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 29:355–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.032
MacPhee JA, Grandsen JF, Giroux L, Price JT (2009) Possible CO2 mitigation via addition of charcoal to coking coal blends. Fuel Process Technol 90(1):16–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.007
Madias J, de Cordova M (2011) Nonrecovery/heat recovery cokemaking: a review of recent developments. In: AISTech 2011 proceedings-volume I, pp 235–251
Makgato SS, Falcon RMS, Chirwa EMN (2019) Reduction in coal fines and extended coke production through the addition of carbonisation tar: environmentally clean process technology. J Clean Prod 221:684–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.242
Man Y, Yang S, Zhang J, Quian Y (2014) Conceptual design of coke-oven gas assisted coal to olefins process for high energy efficiency and low CO2 emission. Appl Energy 133:197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.105
Marañón E, Vázquez I, RodrÃguez J, Castrillón L, Fernández Y, López H (2008) Treatment of coke wastewater in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) at pilot plant scale. Bioresour Technol 99(10):4192–4198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.08.081
Melendi S, Diez MA, Alvarez R, Barriocanal C (2011) Relevance of the composition of municipal plastic wastes for metallurgical coke production. Fuel 90:1431–1438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.01.011
Meng Z, Wang C, Wang X, Chen Y, Li H (2018) Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx from coal-fired flue gas using steel slag slurry. Energy Fuel 32(2):2028–2036. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03385
Montiano MG, Diaz-Faes E, Barriocanal C (2016) Effect of briquette composition and size on the quality of the resulting coke. Fuel Process Technol 148:155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.02.039
Ng KW, Hutny W, MacPhee T, Gransden J, Price J (2008) Bio-fuels use in blast furnace ironmaking to mitigate GHG emissions. In: Proceedings, 16th European biomass conference and exhibition, Valencia, Spain, 2–6 Jun 2008. Florence, Italy, ETA-Florence renewable energies, DVD, paper OE5.1, pp 1922–1928
Nomura S (2016) Coal briquette carbonization in a slot-type coke oven. Fuel 185:649–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.082
Nomura S (2017) Recent developments in cokemaking technologies in Japan. Fuel Process Technol 159:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.01.016
North L, Blackmore K, Nesbitt K, Mahoney MR (2018) Methods of coke quality prediction: a review. Fuel 219:426–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.090
Nyathi MS, Kruse R, Mastalerz M, Bish DL (2017) Investigation of coke quality variation between heat-recovery and byproduct Cokemaking technology. Energy Fuel 31(2):2087–2094. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02817
Ou H-S, Wei C-H, Mo C-H, Wu H-Z, Ren Y, Feng C-H (2014) Novel insights into anoxic/aerobic1/aerobic2 biological fluidized-bed system for coke wastewater treatment by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor analysis. Chemosphere 113:158–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.102
Pal P, Bhakta P, Kumar R (2015) Cyanide removal from industrial wastewater by cross-flow nanofiltration: transport modeling and economic evaluation. Waste Environ Res 86(8):698–706. https://doi.org/10.2175/106143014X13975035525744
Peng R, Yu P, Luo Y (2017) Coke plant wastewater posttreatment by Fenton and electro-Fenton processes. Environ Sci Technol 34(2):89–95. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2015.0520
Perez AR (2010) Characterization of cokery wastewater biodegradation by SBR. Tecnologia del Agua 30(325):44–51
Poraj J, Gamrat S, Bodys J, Smolka J, Adamczyk W (2016) Numerical study of air staging in a coke oven heating system. Clean Technol Environ Policy 18(6):1815–1825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1234-8
Qin Z, Zhai G, Wu X, Yu Y, Zhang Z (2016) Carbon footprint evaluation of coal to- methanol chain with the hierarchical attribution management and life cycle assessment. Energy Convers Manag 124:168–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.005
Quian Y, Man Y, Peng L, Zhou H (2015) An integrated process of coke-oven gas tri-reforming and coal gasification to methanol with high carbon utilization and energy efficiency. Ind Eng Chem Res. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie503670d
Raper E, Stephenson T, Simoes F, Fisher R, Anderson DR, Soares A (2018) Enhancing the removal of pollutants from coke wastewater by bioaugmentation: a scoping study. Chem Technol Biotechnol 93(9):2535–2543. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5607
Razzaq R, Li C, Zhang S (2013) Coke oven gas: availability, properties, purification, and utilization in China. Fuel 113:287–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.070
Rejdak M, Vasiliewski R (2015) Mechanical compaction of coking coal for carbonization in stamp-charging coke oven batteries. Physicochem Probl Miner Process 51(1):151–161. https://doi.org/10.5277/ppmp150114
Rudramuni G, Nataraj CN (2016) Enhancement of steam generation in CDQ power plant. Int Res J Eng Technol 3(5):1441–1445
Saikia J, Saikia P, Boruah R, Saikia BK (2015) Ambient air quality and emission characteristics in and around a non-recovery type coke oven using high Sulphur coal. Sci Total Environ 530–531:304–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.109
Salkuyeh YK, Adams ITA (2013) Combining coal gasification, natural gas reforming, and external carbonless heat for efficient production of gasoline and diesel with CO2 capture and sequestration. Energy Convers Manag 74:492–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.023
Sekine Y, Fukunda K, Kato K, Adachi Y, Matsuno Y (2009) CO2 reduction potentials by utilizing waste plastics in steel works. Int J Life Cycle Assess 14(2):122–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-008-0055-3
Seo HO (2018) Recent scientific Progress on developing supported Ni catalysts for dry (CO2) reforming of methane. Catalysts 110(8):1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8030110
Sugiura M, Irie K, Sakaida M, Fujikane Y (2010) The society of instrument and control engineers. In: Proceedings of 27th sensing forum, p 343
Sultanguzin IA, Bologova VV, Gyulmaliev AM, Glazov VS, Belov RB (2016) Improving coke-plant efficiency by dry quenching with natural gas. Coke Chem 59(2):61–67. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068364X16020046
Suvio P, van Hoorn A, Szabo M (2012) Water management for sustainable steel industry. Ironmak Steelmak 39(4):263–269. https://doi.org/10.1179/03019231113135947813898
Taylor D (2015) Case study: integrated steel coke by-products wastewater treatment plant. In: Proc Water Environ Fed, WEFTEC 2015: Session 500 through Session 509, pp. 5802–5808. https://doi.org/10.2175/193864715819542106
Tiwari HP, Suri S, Banerjee PK, Sharma R, Agarwal R (2010) Optimization of coal blend for nonrecovery coke oven. Tata Search 1:135–139
Tiwari HP, Banerjee PK, Saxena VK, Sharma R, Haldar SK, Paul S (2014) Effect of heating rate on coke quality and productivity in nonrecovery coke making. Int J Coal Prep Util 34:306–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2014.896349
Tiwari HP, Haldar SK, Mishra P, Kumar A, Dutta S, Kumar A (2017) Prospect of stamp charge coke making at Tata Steel: an experience. Metall Res Technol 114:501. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017046
Tiwari HP, Kumar R, Bhattacharjee A, Lingam RK, Roy A, Tiwary S (2018) Prediction of operating parameters range for ammonia removal unit in coke making by-products. Metall Res Technol 115(2):211. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2017102
Toll H, Kohler I, Nelles L (2000) CSQ coke stabilization quenching process. Stahl und Eisen 120(4):95–99
Tong Y, Zhang Q, Cai J, Gao C, Wang L, Li P (2018) Water consumption and wastewater discharge in China’s steel industry. Ironmak Steelmak 45(10):868–877. https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2018.1538180
Uribe-Soto W, Portha JF, Commenge JM, Falk L (2017) A review of thermochemical processes and technologies to use steelworks off-gases. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 74:809–823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.008
Valente A, Iribarren D, Gálvez-Martos J-L, Dufour J (2019) Robust eco-efficiency assessment of hydrogen from biomass gasification as an alternative to conventional hydrogen: a life-cycle study with and without external costs. Sci Total Environ 650:1465–1475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.089
Valia HS (2019) Nonrecovery and heat recovery cokemaking technology. In: New trends in coal conversion-combustion, gasification, emissions, and coking, pp 263–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102201-6.00010-8
Vega F, Alonso-Farinas B, Baena-Moreno FM, Rodriguez JA, Navarrete B (2019) Technologies for control of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and particulates in coal combustion and gasification. In: New trends in coal conversion-combustion, gasification, emissions, and coking, pp 141–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102201-6.00006-6
Veit G, D’Lima PFX (2002) Combining stamp charging with the heat recovery process. AISE Steel Technol:22–24
Wang X, Wang T (2012) Hydrogen amplification from coke oven gas using a CO2 adsorption enhanced hydrogen amplification reactor. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:4974–4986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.12.018
Wang S, Wang G, Jiang F, Luo M, Li H (2010) Chemical looping combustion of coke oven gas by using Fe2O3/CuO with MgAl2O4 as oxygen carrier. Energy Environ Sci 3:1353–1360. https://doi.org/10.1039/B926193A
Wang J, Liang B, Parnas R (2013) Manganese-based regenerable sorbents for high temperature H2S removal. Fuel 107:539–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.10.076
Wen-wu L, Xiu-ping W, Xue-yan T, Chang-yong W (2014) Treatment of pretreated coking wastewater by flocculation, alkali out, air stripping, and three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation with parallel plate electrodes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(19):11457–11468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3124-0
Worrell E, Blinde P, Neelis M, Blomen E, Masanet E (2010) Energy efficiency improvement and cost saving opportunities for the U.S. Iron and steel industry. An ENERGY STAR guide for energy and plant managers
Wu ZH, Liu B, Yin JS, Kang N, Zhao LJ (2017) Study on coal moisture control technology using superheated steam. Adv Eng Res 111:189–193
Xiang D, Yang S, Mai Z, Qian Y (2015) Comparative study of coal, natural gas, and coke-oven gas based methanol to olefins processes in China. Comput Chem Eng 83:176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.03.007
Xiang D, Huang W, Huang P (2018) A novel coke-oven gas-to-natural gas and hydrogen process by integrating chemical looping hydrogen with methanation. Energy 165:1024–1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.050
Xing X, Rogers H, Zulli P, Hockings K, Ostrovski O (2019) Effect of coal properties on the strength of coke under simulated blast furnace conditions. Fuel 237:775–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.069
Yang Y, Raipala K, Holappa L (2014) Ironmaking. Treatise on process metallurgy-volume 3: industrial processes, pp 2–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-096988-6.00017-1
Yang Z, Huang J, Song S, Wang Z, Fang Y (2019) Insight into the effects of additive water on caking and coking behaviors of coal blends with low-rank coal. Fuel 238:10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.099
Zhang H (2019) Relationship of coke reactivity and critical coke properties. Met Trans B50(1):204–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1438-x
Zhang G, Dong Y, Feng M, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Cao H (2010) CO2 reforming of CH4 in coke oven gas to syngas over coal char catalyst. Chem Eng J 156:519–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.04.005
Zhang H, Dong L, Li H, Fujita T, Ohnishi S, Tang Q (2013) Analysis of low carbon industrial symbiosis technology for carbon mitigation in a Chinese iron/steel industrial park: a case study with carbon flow analysis. Energy Policy 61:1400–1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.066
Zhang F, Bournival G, Ata S (2019) The influence of process water chemistry on coal thermoplastic properties. Powder Technol 345:468–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.002
Zhao Y, Hao R, Wang T, Yang C (2015) Follow-up research for integrative process of pre-oxidation and post-absorption cleaning flue gas: absorption of NO2, NO and SO2. Chem Eng J 273:55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.053
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cavaliere, P. (2019). Coke Making: Most Efficient Technologies for Greenhouse Emissions Abatement. In: Clean Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21209-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21209-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21208-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21209-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)