Abstract
This chapter is the third of three chapters on research findings, analyses and discussions. It begins by considering the issue of preparing young for life in school, covering preparation for exam success and youth participation in curriculum development. It then considers preparation of young people for life in society, particularly focusing on the question of whether young people are citizens or ‘citizens-in-waiting’, and the extent to which citizenship education should prepare young people for life in a divided society. The penultimate section of the chapter compares findings from Northern Ireland and Israel. The final part of the chapter maps the findings onto the 2-A framework of an ‘acceptable’ and ‘adaptable’ education. Particularly problematic terms in this case are the requirements that education be flexible to the needs of a changing society and the needs of an individual student, involves diverse groups in development, and be relevant.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Literature
Agbaria, A. K. (2016). The ‘Right’ Education in Israel: Segregation, Religious Ethnonationalism, and Depoliticized Professionalism. Critical Studies in Education, 59(1), 18–34.
Alderson, P. (1995). Listening to Children: Children, Social Research and Ethics. London: Barnardos.
Almog, S., & Perry-Hazan, L. (2012). Conceptualizing the Right of Children to Adaptable Education. The International Journal of Children’s Rights, 20(4), 486–500.
Amadeo, J.-A., Torney-Purta, J., Lehmann, R., Husfeldt, V., & Nikolova, R. (2002). Civic Knowledge and Engagement Among Upper Secondary Students: Citizenship and Education in Sixteen Countries. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).
Amrein, A. L., & Berliner, D. C. (2002). High-Stakes Testing and Student Learning. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 10, 18ff.
Anderson Worden, E., & Smith, A. (2017). Teaching for Democracy in the Absence of Transitional Justice: The Case of Northern Ireland. Comparative Education, 53(3), 379–395.
Arlow, M. (2004). Citizenship Education in a Divided Society: The Case of Northern Ireland. In S. Tawil, A. Harley, & B. Braslavsky (Eds.), Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education.
Arnett, J. J. (2001). Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Cultural Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bacon, K., & Frankel, S. (2014). Rethinking Children’s Citizenship: Negotiating Structure, Shaping Meanings. International Journal of Children’s Rights, 21, 1–20.
Ball, S. (1994). Education Reform: A Critical and Post-structural Approach. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Banks, J. A. (2008). Diversity and Citizenship Education in Global Times. In J. Arthur, I. Davies, & C. Hahn (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Education for Citizenship and Democracy. London: Sage.
Bar-Tal, D., & Rosen, Y. (2009). Peace Education in Societies Involved in Intractable Conflicts: Direct and Indirect Models. Review of Educational Research, 79(2), 557–575.
Bekerman, Z. (2009). Identity Versus Peace: Identity Wins. Harvard Educational Review, 79(1), 74–83.
Ben-Nun, M. (2013). The 3Rs of Integration: Respect, Recognition and Reconciliation; Concepts and Practices of Integrated Schools in Israel and Northern Ireland. Journal of Peace Education, 10(1), 1–20.
Bush, K. D., & Saltarelli, D. (2000). The Two Faces of Education in Ethnic Conflict. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Insight.
Cohen, A. (2013). Conceptions of Citizenship and Civic Education: Lessons from Three Israeli Civics Classrooms (PhD Thesis). Columbia University Academic Commons, New York.
Council for the Curriculum Examinations and Assessment (CCEA) (Northern Ireland). (2007). The Statutory Curriculum at Key Stage 3: Rationale and Detail. Belfast: CCEA.
Dunn, S., & Nolan-Haley, J. (1998). Conflict in Northern Ireland After the Good Friday Agreement. Fordham International Law Journal, 22, 1372–1388.
Gavison, R. (2002). What Belongs in a Constitution? Constitutional Political Economy, 13(1), 89–105.
Hanna, H. (2017). Developing Citizenship in Divided Contexts. In P. Jarvis, J. Doherty, & A. Mealy (Eds.), Everyday Social Justice and Citizenship. Routledge: Abingdon.
Holt, J. (1969). The Underachieving School. London: Pitman.
Ichilov, O. (2008). Citizenship Education in Israel: A Contested Terrain. In J. Arthur, I. Davies, & C. Hahn (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Education for Citizenship and Democracy. London: Sage.
Ichilov, O., Salomon, G., & Inbar, D. (2005). Citizenship Education in Israel—A Jewish-Democratic State. Israel Affairs, 11(2), 303–323.
James, A., & Prout, A. (1997). Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary Issues in the Sociological Study of Childhood (2nd ed.). London: Falmer Press.
Kellett, M. (2005). Children as Active Researchers: A New Research Paradigm for the 21st Century?. Southampton, UK: ESRC National Centre for Research Methods.
Kerr, D. (1999). Citizenship Education in the Curriculum: An International Review. School Field, 10(3/4), 5–32.
Kilkelly, U., Kilpatrick, R., Lundy, L., Moore, L., Scraton, P., Davey, C., et al. (2004). Children’s Rights in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Northern Ireland Commissioner for Children and Young People.
Kriesberg, L. (2007). Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution (3rd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Lederach, J. P. (1995). Preparing for Peace: Conflict Transformation Across Cultures. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Leitch, R., Gardner, J., Mitchell, S., Lundy, L., Odena, O., Galanouli, D., et al. (2007). Consulting Pupils in Assessment for Learning Classrooms: The Twists and Turns of Working with Students as Co-researchers. Educational Action Research, 15(3), 459–478.
Lundy, L. (2007). ‘Voice’ Is Not Enough: Conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. British Educational Research Journal, 33(6), 927–942.
Marker, G., & Mehlinger, H. (1992). Social Studies. In P. W. Jackson (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Curriculum. New York: Macmillan.
Mauthner, M. (1997). Methodological Aspects of Collecting Data from Children: Lessons from Three Research Projects. Children & Society, 11(1), 16–28.
McCowan, T. (2008). Curricular Transposition in Citizenship Education. Theory and Research in Education, 6(2), 153–172.
McEvoy, L. (2007). Beneath the Rhetoric: Policy Approximation and Citizenship Education in Northern Ireland. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 2(2), 135–157.
Ministry of Education of Israel. (1994). Ezrachut: Tochnit Ha-Limudim Ba-Chativa Ha-Elyona Le-Bati Sefer Yehudiyim (Claliim Ve-Datiim) Aravim Ve-Druzim [Civics: Curriculum Guidelines for High Schools in the Jewish Sectors (General State Schools and Religious State Schools), the Arab Sector and the Druze Sector] [in Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Ministry of Education (Israel).
Nesher, T. (2012, April 18). Israel’s Education Ministry Disqualifies Civics Textbook. Ha’Aretz. Available at http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israel-s-education-ministry-disqualifies-civics-textbook-1.424946. Last accessed 1 April 2019.
Osler, A., & Starkey, H. (2003). Learning for Cosmopolitan Citizenship: Theoretical Debates and Young People’s Experiences. Educational Review, 55(3), 243–254.
Partnership Management Board. (2007). Learning for Life and Work for Key Stage Three. Belfast: CCEA.
Percy-Smith, B., & Thomas, N. (2009). Introduction. A Handbook of Children and Young People’s Participation: Perspectives from Theory and Practice. London: Routledge.
Pinson, H. (2005). Between a Jewish and Democratic State: Contradictions and Tensions in the Civics Education Curriculum. Politika, 14, 9–24.
Pinson, H. (2009). One Civic Curriculum, Different Civic Visions. In H. Alexander, H. Pinson, & Y. Yonah (Eds.), Citizenship, Education and Social Conflict. London: Routledge.
Quaynor, L. J. (2012). Citizenship Education in Post-conflict Contexts: A Review of the Literature. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 7(1), 33–57.
Roche, J. (1999). Children: Rights, Participation and Citizenship. Childhood, 6(4), 475–493.
Sears, A. M., & Hughes, A. S. (1996). Citizenship Education and Current Educational Reform. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue Canadienne De l’Education, 21(2), 123–142.
Shafir, G., & Peled, Y. (2002). Being Israeli: The Dynamics of Multiple Citizenship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, A. (2003). Citizenship Education in Northern Ireland: Beyond National Identity? Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(1), 15–32.
Smooha, S. (2004). Index of Arab–Jewish Relations in Israel. Haifa: Jewish-Arab Center, Citizens Accord Forum Between Jews and Arabs in Israel, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
Starkey, H. (2006). Intercultural Understanding and Human Rights Education: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Heading For? In S.-M. Lee and J. Encabo (Eds.), Intercultural Understanding and Human Rights Education in the Era of Globalization. Seoul: Asia-Pacific Center of Education for International Understanding.
Ten Dam, G., & Volman, M. (2004). Critical Thinking as a Citizenship Competence: Teaching Strategies. Learning and Instruction, 14(4), 359–379.
Torney-Purta, J., Lehmann, R., Oswald, H., & Schulz, W. (2001). Citizenship and Education in Twenty-Eight Countries: Civic Knowledge and Engagement at Age Fourteen. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement.
UNICEF. (2009). Fact Sheet: The Right to Participate. New York: UNICEF.
Verhellen, E. (2000). Children’s Rights and Education. In A. Osler (Ed.), Schools: Diversity, Identity, Equality. Trentham: Stoke-on-Trent.
Youniss, J., & Yates, M. (1997). Community Service and Social Responsibility in Youth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hanna, H. (2019). Looking to the (Divided) Future: Preparing Young People for Life in Divided Societies. In: Young People's Rights in the Citizenship Education Classroom. Palgrave Studies in Global Citizenship Education and Democracy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21147-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21147-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21146-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21147-9
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)