Abstract
Composites have been the most widely used applications for coir fibers. One of the simplest approaches for manufacturing coir fibers based composites is to use the fibers as reinforcement and epoxy or other synthetic polymers as resins. Completely biodegradable coir-based composites have also been developed using natural polymers such as wheat gluten, soy-based resins, and synthetic biopolymers such as poly(lactic acid) as matrix. In addition, coir fibers have been physically and chemically modified and various fillers have been used to improve the properties of coir-based composites. Similarly, coir fibers have been combined with other fibers and matrices to develop hybrid composites with distinct properties suitable for various applications. This chapter covers the coir-based synthetic polymer composites, coir-based natural polymer matrix completely biodegradable composites, and also coir based hybrid composites in separate sections.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdul Khalil HPS, Masri M, Saurabh CK, Fazita MRN, Azniwati AA, Sri Aprilia NA, Rosamah E, Dungani R (2017) Incorporation of coconut shell based nanoparticles in kenaf/coconut fibres reinforced vinyl ester composites. Mater Res Exp 4(3):035020
Abdullah NM, Ahmad I (2012) Effect of chemical treatment on mechanical and water-sorption properties coconut fiber-unsaturated polyester from recycled PET. ISRN Mater Sci 2012:134683
Abitha VK, Rane AV (2015) Studies in mechanical, thermal and morphological analusis of EPDM/PolyPropylene coconut pith composites. Moroccan J Chem 3(2):3–2
Adnan NAM, Saidin WANW, Musa MA, Zaidi AMA, Mohideen SR (2014) Mechanical performance of coconut coir fiber reinforced urea formaldehyde composites. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 8(15):205–210
Aguele FO, Madufor CI (2012) Effects of carbonised coir on physical properties of natural rubber composites. Am J Polym Sci 2(3):28–34
Aguele FO, Madufor CI, Adekunle KF (2014) Comparative study of physical properties of polymer composites reinforced with uncarbonised and carbonised coir. Open J Polym Chem 4(3):73–77
Arrakhiz FZ, El Achaby M, Kakou AC, Vaudreuil S, Benmoussa K, Bouhfid R, Fassi-Fehri O, Qaiss A (2012) Mechanical properties of high density polyethylene reinforced with chemically modified coir fibers: impact of chemical treatments. Mater Des 37:379–383
Arya A, Tomlal JE, Gejo G, Kuruvilla J (2015) Commingled composites of polypropylene/coir-sisal yarn: effect of chemical treatments on thermal and tensile properties. E-Polymers 15(3):169–177
Barreto ACH, Junior AEC, Freitas JEB, Rosa DS, Barcellos WM, Freire FNA, Fechine PBA, Mazzetto SE (2013) Biocomposites from dwarf-green Brazilian coconut impregnated with cashew nut shell liquid resin. J Compos Mater 47(4):459–466
Bettini SHP, Biteli AC, Bonse BC, Morandim-Giannetti A d A (2015) Polypropylene composites reinforced with untreated and chemically treated coir: effect of the presence of compatibilizer. Polym Eng Sci 55(9):2050–2057
Bhagat VK, Biswas S, Dehury J (2014) Physical, mechanical, and water absorption behavior of coir/glass fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites. Polym Compos 35(5):925–930
Cheng F, Hu Y, Yuan J (2014) Preparation and characterization of glass fiber-coir hybrid composites by a novel and facile Prepreg/Press process. Fibers Polym 15(8):1715–1721
Chollakup R, Smitthipong W, Kongtud W, Tantatherdtam R (2013) Polyethylene green composites reinforced with cellulose fibers (coir and palm fibers): effect of fiber surface treatment and fiber content. J Adhes Sci Technol 27(12):1290–1300
Cisneros-López EO, González-López ME, Pérez-Fonseca AA, González-Núñez R, Rodrigue D, Robledo-OrtÃz JR (2017) Effect of fiber content and surface treatment on the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites produced by rotomolding. Compos Interf 24(1):35–53
Das G, Biswas S (2016a) Effect of fiber parameters on physical, mechanical and water absorption behaviour of coir fiber–epoxy composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 35(8):644–653
Das G, Biswas S (2016b) Physical, mechanical and water absorption behaviour of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites filled with Al2O3 particulates. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 115(1):012012
Davis D (2016) Fabrication and mechanical behaviour study of coconut coir based polymer composite. Int J Adv Res 4(4):1267–1272
de Carvalho Benini KCC, Brocks T, Montoro SR, Odila Hilário Cioffi M, Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald H (2017) Effect of fiber chemical treatment of nonwoven coconut fiber/epoxy composites adhesion obtained by RTM process. Polym Compos 38(11):2518–2527
de Farias JGG, Cavalcante RC, Canabarro BR, Viana HM, Scholz S, Simão RA (2017) Surface lignin removal on coir fibers by plasma treatment for improved adhesion in thermoplastic starch composites. Carbohydr Polym 165:429–436
de Oliveira PF, Marques M d FV (2014) Comparison between coconut and curaua fibers chemically treated for compatibility with PP matrixes. J Reinf Plast Compos 33(5):430–439
Dhal JP, Mishra SC (2013) Investigation of dielectric properties of a novel hybrid polymer composite using industrial and biowaste. J Polym Compos 1(1):22–27
Diao C, Dowding T, Hemsri S, Parnas RS (2014) Toughened wheat gluten and treated coconut fiber composite. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 58:90–97
Dong Y, Ghataura A, Takagi H, Haroosh HJ, Nakagaito AN, Lau K-T (2014) Polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with coir fibres: evaluation of mechanical performance and multifunctional properties. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 63:76–84
Duan J, Wu H, Fu W, Hao M (2018) Mechanical properties of hybrid sisal/coir fibers reinforced polylactide biocomposites. Polym Compos 39:E188–E199
Frollini E, Bartolucci N, Sisti L, Celli A (2013) Poly (butylene succinate) reinforced with different lignocellulosic fibers. Ind Crop Prod 45:160–169
Guo F, Wang N, Cheng Q, Hou L, Liu J, Yu Y, Zhao Y (2016) Low-cost coir fiber composite with integrated strength and toughness. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4(10):5450–5455
Hamouda T, Hassanin AH, Kilic A, Candan Z, Safa Bodur M (2017) Hybrid composites from coir fibers reinforced with woven glass fabrics: physical and mechanical evaluation. Polym Compos 38(10):2212–2220
Haque MM, Islam MN (2013) A study on the mechanical properties of urea-treated coir reinforced polypropylene composites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 26(2):139–155
Haque MM, Ali ME, Hasan M, Islam MN, Kim H (2012a) Chemical treatment of coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 51(10):3958–3965
Haque MM, Islam MS, Islam MN (2012b) Preparation and characterization of polypropylene composites reinforced with chemically treated coir. J Polym Res 19(5):9847–9855
Hariprasad T, Dharmalingam G, Praveen Raj P (2013) A study of mechanical properties of banana–coir hybrid composite using experimental and fem techniques. J Mech Eng Sci 4:518–531
Hemsri S, Grieco K, Asandei AD, Parnas RS (2012) Wheat gluten composites reinforced with coconut fiber. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 43(7):1160–1168
Ibrahem RA (2016) Friction and wear behaviour of fibre/particles reinforced polyester composites. Int J Adv Mater Res 2:22–26
Islam MS, Ahmad MB, Hasan M, Aziz SA, Jawaid M, Haafiz MKM, Zakaria SAH (2015a) Natural fiber-reinforced hybrid polymer nanocomposites: effect of fiber mixing and nanoclay on physical, mechanical, and biodegradable properties. Bioresources 10(1):1394–1407
Islam MS, Hasbullah NAB, Hasan M, Talib ZA, Jawaid M, Haafiz MKM (2015b) Physical, mechanical and biodegradable properties of kenaf/coir hybrid fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Mater Today Commun 4:69–76
Islam MS, Talib ZA, Hasan M, Ramli I, Haafiz MKM, Jawaid M, Islam A, Inuwa IM (2017) Evaluation of mechanical, morphological, and biodegradable properties of hybrid natural fiber polymer nanocomposites. Polym Compos 38(3):583–587
Jayabal S, Velumani S, Navaneethakrishnan P, Palanikumar K (2013) Mechanical and machinability behaviors of woven coir fiber-reinforced polyester composite. Fibers Polym 14(9):1505–1514
Kakou CA, Essabir H, Bensalah M-O, Bouhfid R, Rodrigue D, Qaiss A (2015) Hybrid composites based on polyethylene and coir/oil palm fibers. J Reinf Plast Compos 34(20):1684–1697
Kumar Rao D, Chandra Gope P (2015) Fracture toughness of walnut particles (Juglans regia L.) and coconut fiber-reinforced hybrid biocomposite. Polym Compos 36(1):167–173
Kumar SMS, Duraibabu D, Subramanian K (2014) Studies on mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of untreated (raw) and treated coconut sheath fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Mater Des 59:63–69
LomelÃ-RamÃrez MG, Kestur SG, ManrÃquez-González R, Iwakiri S, de Muniz GB, Flores-Sahagun TS (2014) Bio-composites of cassava starch-green coconut fiber: part II—structure and properties. Carbohydr Polym 102:576–583
Luz d, Santos F, Ramos FJHTV, Nascimento LFC, Ben-Hur da Silva Figueiredo A, Monteiro SN (2018) Critical length and interfacial strength of PALF and coir fiber incorporated in epoxy resin matrix. J Mater Res Technol 7(4):528–534
Mir SS, Nafsin N, Hasan M, Hasan N, Hassan A (2013) Improvement of physico-mechanical properties of coir-polypropylene biocomposites by fiber chemical treatment. Mater Des (1980–2015) 52:251–257
Muthu J, Priscilla J, Odeshi A, Kuppen N (2018) Characterisation of coir fibre hybrid composites reinforced with clay particles and glass spheres. J Compos Mater 52(5):593–607
Narendar R, Dasan KP (2013) Effect of chemical treatment on the mechanical and water absorption properties of coir pith/nylon/epoxy sandwich composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 18(5):369–376
Narendar R, Dasan KP (2015) Development of coir pith based hybrid composite panels with enhanced water resistant behavior. Environ Prog Sustain Energy 34(5):1481–1487
Narendar R, Priya Dasan K, Rajendran K (2018) Coir pith/nylon/epoxy hybrid composites and their thermal properties: Thermogravimetric analysis, thermal ageing, and heat deflection temperature. J Vinyl Addit Technol 24(4):297–303
Nelson E, Dagwa IM, Mudiare E (2015) Effect of Fiber length on the mechanical properties of hybrid Ceasar weed/coir reinforced polyester composite. Usak University J Mater Sci 4(2):29–36
Nuthong W, Uawongsuwan P, Pivsa-Art W, Hamada H (2013) Impact property of flexible epoxy treated natural fiber reinforced PLA composites. Energy Procedia 34:839–847
Obasi HC, Chaudhry AA, Ijaz K, Akhtar H, Malik MH (2018) Development of biocomposites from coir fibre and poly (caprolactone) by solvent casting technique. Polym Bull 75(5):1775–1787
Patil Y, Sharma S (2018) Effect of coir fiber reinforcement on mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber composites. Sci Eng Compos Mater 25(3):517–528
Pérez-Fonseca AA, Arellano M, Rodrigue D, González-Núñez R, Robledo-OrtÃz JR (2016a) Effect of coupling agent content and water absorption on the mechanical properties of coir-agave fibers reinforced polyethylene hybrid composites. Polym Compos 37(10):3015–3024
Pérez-Fonseca AA, Robledo-OrtÃz JR, González-Núñez R, Rodrigue D (2016b) Effect of thermal annealing on the mechanical and thermal properties of polylactic acid-cellulosic fiber biocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 133(31):43750–43759
Prasad GLE, Gowda BSK, Velmurugan R (2017) A study on impact strength characteristics of coir polyester composites. Procedia Eng 173:771–777
Prasad N, Agarwal VK, Sinha S (2018) Hybridization effect of coir fiber on physico-mechanical properties of polyethylene-banana/coir fiber hybrid composites. Sci Eng Compos Mater 25(1):133–141
Prithivirajan R, Jayabal S, Bharathiraja G (2015) Bio-based composites from waste agricultural residues: mechanical and morphological properties. Cellul Chem Technol 49(1):65–68
Prithivirajan R, Jayabal S, Kalayana Sundaram S, Pravin Kumar A (2016a) Hybrid bio composites from agricultural residues: mechanical and thickness swelling behavior. Cellulose 35(31):27–31
Prithivirajan R, Jayabal S, Sundaram SK, Sangeetha V (2016b) Hybrid biocomposites from agricultural residues: mechanical, water absorption and tribological behaviors. J Polym Eng 36(7):663–671
Rajesh R, Ravichandran YD, Nambi Raj NA, Senthilkumar N (2014) Development of a biodegradable composite (hydroxyapatite-chitosan-coir pith) as a packing material. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 53(11):1105–1110
RamÃrez MGL, Satyanarayana KG, Iwakiri S, de Muniz GB, Tanobe V, Flores-Sahagun TS (2011) Study of the properties of biocomposites. Part I. Cassava starch-green coir fibers from Brazil. Carbohydr Polym 86(4):1712–1722
Ramprasath R, Jayabal S, Kalyana Sundaram S, Bharathiraja G, Munde YS (2016) Investigation on impact behavior of rice husk impregnated Coir-Vinyl Ester composites. Macromol Symp 361(1):123–128
Rejeesh CR, Saju KK (2018) Effect of fire-retardant treatment on mechanical properties of medium-density coir composite boards. Wood Fiber Sci 50(1):113–118
Riyajan S-A, Tangboriboonrat P (2014) Novel composite biopolymers of sodium alginate/natural rubber/coconut waste for adsorption of Pb (II) ions. Polym Compos 35(5):1013–1021
Roy JK, Nousin Akter HU, Zaman KMA, Sultana S, Shahruzzaman NK et al (2014) Preparation and properties of coir fiber-reinforced ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-based composite. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 27(1):35–51
Sakthivel M, Vijayakumar S, Ramesh S (2014) Production and characterization of luffa/coir reinforced polypropylene composite. Procedia Mater Sci 5:739–745
Santos d, Cesar J, Siqueira RL, Vieira LMG, Freire RTS, Mano V, Panzera TH (2018) Effects of sodium carbonate on the performance of epoxy and polyester coir-reinforced composites. Polym Test 67:533–544
Sarasini F, Tirillo J, Puglia D, Kenny JM, Dominici F, Santulli C, Tofani M, De Santis R (2015) Effect of different lignocellulosic fibres on poly (ε-caprolactone)-based composites for potential applications in orthotics. RSC Adv 5(30):23798–23809
Sari PS, Spatenka P, Jenikova Z, Grohens Y, Thomas S (2015) New type of thermoplastic bio composite: nature of the interface on the ultimate properties and water absorption. RSC Adv 5(118):97536–97546
Sathishkumar TP, Navaneethakrishnan P, Shankar S, Kumar J (2013) Mechanical properties of randomly oriented snake grass fiber with banana and coir fiber-reinforced hybrid composites. J Compos Mater 47(18):2181–2191
Saw SK, Sarkhel G, Choudhury A (2012) Preparation and characterization of chemically modified jute–coir hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy novolac composites. J Appl Polym Sci 125(4):3038–3049
Staffa LH, Agnelli JAM, de Souza ML, Bettini SHP (2017) Evaluation of interactions between compatibilizers and photostabilizers in coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Polym Eng Sci 57(11):1179–1185
Stalin B, Athijayamani A (2016) The performance of bio waste fibres reinforced polymer hybrid composite. Int J Mater Eng Innov 7(1):15–25
Suardana NPG, Lokantara IP, Lim JK (2011) Influence of water absorption on mechanical properties of coconut coir fiber/poly-lactic acid biocomposites. Mater Phys Mech 12(2):113–125
Sun Z, Zhang L, Liang D, Xiao W, Lin J (2017) Mechanical and thermal properties of PLA biocomposites reinforced by coir fibers. Int J Polym Sci 2017:2178329. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2178329
Thakur K, Kalia S, Kaith BS, Pathania D, Kumar A, Thakur P, Knittel CE, Schauer CL, Totaro G (2016) The development of antibacterial and hydrophobic functionalities in natural fibers for fiber-reinforced composite materials. J Environ Chem Eng 4(2):1743–1752
Thye TK, Tahir MFBM, Ismail AR, Nor MJM (2012) Automotive noise insulation composite panel using natural fibres with different perforation areas. Appl Mech Mater 165:63–67
Ujianto O, Noviyanti R, Wijaya R, Ramadhoni B (2017) Effect of maleated natural rubber on tensile strength and compatibility of natural rubber/coconut coir composite. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 223(1):012014
Valášek P, D’Amato R, Müller M, Ruggiero A (2018) Mechanical properties and abrasive wear of white/brown coir epoxy composites. Compos Part B 146:88–97
Vijayakumar S, Nilavarasan T, Usharani R, Karunamoorthy L (2014) Mechanical and microstructure characterization of Coconut spathe fibers and Kenaf bast fibers reinforced epoxy polymer matrix composites. Procedia Mater Sci 5:2330–2337
Viswanathan R, Gothandapani L (1999) Mechanical properties of coir pith particle board. Bioresour Technol 67(1):93–95
Wang J, Hu Y (2016) Novel particleboard composites made from coir fiber and waste Banana stem fiber. Waste Biomass Valoriz 7(6):1447–1458
Yao J, Ma L, Lu W, Tan H (2014) Tensile property analysis and prediction model building for coir rope reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. BioResources 10(1):697–708
Zainudin ES, Yan LH, Haniffah WH, Jawaid M, Alothman OY (2014) Effect of coir fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of oil palm fibers reinforced polypropylene composites. Polym Compos 35(7):1418–1425
Zaman HU, Beg MDH (2014) Preparation, structure, and properties of the coir fiber/polypropylene composites. J Compos Mater 48(26):3293–3301
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reddy, N. (2019). Composites from Coir Fibers. In: Sustainable Applications of Coir and Other Coconut By-products. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21055-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21055-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21054-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21055-7
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)