Abstract
Growth cartilages forge the morphological identity of the spine and pelvis. The pelvic vertebra is considered part of this. The neurocentral cartilage located at the junction of the centrum and the neural arc is bipolar, fast acting, controls the size of the central spinal canal, intervenes by its asymmetrical closure in infantile scoliosis and has a topical closure date. The marginal ridge, located between the centrum and the disc, controls the height growth of the vertebral body. It fuses with the vertebral body at the end of growth. It is involved in spinal growth dystrophy and can be torn off in trauma of the immature spine. The ossification of the bony pelvis, the pelvic vertebra for some, tracks the major stages of puberty. The triradiate cartilage closes at the beginning of puberty; Risser’s test when combined with the study of the evolution of the cartilages of the elbow, the hand, the wrist and the hip makes it possible to precisely determine zones of growth.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Schmorl G, Junghanns H. Die gesundeund die kranke Wirbelsaüle. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 1932.
Knutsson F. Growth and differentiation of the postnatal vertebra. Acta Radiol. 1961;55:401–8.
Nicoladoni C. Anatomie und mechanicus der skoliose. Munich: Urban and Schwrzenberg; 1909.
Ottander HG. Experimental progressive scoliosis in a pig. Acta Orthop Scand. 1963;33:91–7.
Bouillet R. Pathogénie de la scoliose idiopathique. Acta Orthop Belg. 1967;33:533–46.
Mineiro JD. Coluna vertebral humana. Alguns aspectos da sua estrutura e vascularização: Lisboa Sociedade Indudtrial Grafica; 1965.
Canadell J. Lesiones del cartilago de crecimiento. Pampelune: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra; 1976.
Vital JM, Beguiristain JL, Algara C, Villas C, Lavignolle B, Grenier N, Senegas J. The neurocentral cartilage: anatomy, physiology and physiopathology. Surg Radiol Anat. 1989;11:324–8.
Yamazaki A, Mason DE, Caro PA. Age of closure of the neurocentral cartilage in thoracic spine. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18:168–72.
Beguiristain JL, De Salis J, Oriaifo A, Canadell J. Experimental scoliosis by epiphysiodesis in pig. Int Orthop. 1980;3:317–21.
Zhang H, Sucato DJ. Unilateral pedicle screw epiphysiodesis of the neurocentral synchondrosis. production of idiopathic-like scoliosis in an immature animal model. J Bone Joint Surg. 2008;90(A):2460–9.
Dickson RA, Lawton JO, Archer IA, Butt WP. The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis biplanar spinal asymmetry. J Bone Joint Surg. 1984;66(B):8–15.
Zhang H, Sucato DJ, Nurenberg P, Mcclung A. Morphometric analysis of vertebral growth using magnetic resonance imaging in the normal skeletally immature spine. Spine. 2010.
Olgun ZN, Demirkiran G, Ayvaz M, Karadeniz E, Yacizi M. The effect of pedicle screw insertion at a young age on pedicle and canal development. Spine. 2012;37:1778–84.
Roberts S, Evans H, Trivedi J, Menage J. Histology and pathology of the human intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg. 2006;88(A):10–4.
Mallet J, Rey JC, Raimbeau G, Senly G. Dystrophie rachidienne de croissance. Annales Ortho Ouest. 1975;7:95–116.
Bick EM, Copel JW. The ring apophysis of the human vertebra. J Bone Joint Surg. 1951;33(A):783–7.
Diard F, Chateil JF, Vital JM, Moinard M. Discopathies et maladie de Scheuermann. Dans “Le rachis lombaire dégénératif”. Montpellier: Sauramps Médical; 1998. p. 141–55.
Alexander CJ. Scheuermann’s disease. A traumatic spondylodystrophy? Skeletal Radiol. 1997;1:209–21.
Takata K, Inoue SI, Takahashi K, Ohtzuka Y. Fracture of the posterior margin of a lumbar vertebral body. J Bone Joint Surg. 1998;70(A):589–94.
Ippolito E, Belloci M, Montanaro A, Ascani E, Ponseti V. Juvenile kyphosis: an ultrastructural study. J Pediatr Orthop. 1985;5:315–22.
Risser JC. The iliac apophysis: an invaluable sign in the management of scoliosis. Clin Orthop Res. 1958;11:111.
Vital JM, Martins F, Martins L, Lavignolle B, Chateil JF, Grenier N, Diard F, Senegas J. Etude de l’évolution radiologique des cartilages de croissance du bassin et de l’extrémité supérieure du fémur pendant la croissance. Chir Pédiatr. 1989;30:103–8.
Dimeglio A, Bonnel F, Canavese F. The normal growing spine. In: Arkbania BA, editor. The “Growing spine”: Springer; 2010.
Dimeglio A, Canavese F, Charles YP. Growth and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; when and how much? J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31(Suppl 1):28–36.
Ryan PM, Puttler EG, Stotler WM, Ferguson RL. Role of the tri-radiate cartilage in predicting curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:671–6.
Bitan FD, Veliskakis KP, Campbell BC. Differences in the Risser grading system in the United States and France. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;436:190–5.
Nault ML, Parent S, Phan P, Roy-Baudry M, Labelle H, Rivard M. A modified Risser grading system predicts the curve acceleration phase of female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg. 2010;92:1073–81.
Kotwicki T. Improved accuracy in Risser sign with lateral spinal radiography. Eur Spine J. 2008;17:1676–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vital, J.M., Dimeglio, A., Petit, M., Boissière, L. (2020). The Growth Cartilages of the Spine and Pelvic Vertebra. In: Vital, J., Cawley, D. (eds) Spinal Anatomy . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20925-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20925-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20924-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20925-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)