Abstract
The chapter focusses both on the debate on the role of practical-utilitarian disciplines and on the founding of new educational establishments during the nineteenth century. In addition to the Imperial Alexander University, four other educational establishments were set up in Finland in this century. Initially, these were schools or post-secondary level institutes providing vocational education. These schools and institutes are the following (in the order in which they were established): Hamina Cadet School, Mustiala Agricultural School/College, the Polytechnic School/Institute, teacher training colleges (or seminaries), and business schools/colleges. The author describes how these schools and institutions were established and how they eventually developed into higher education institutions or, in the case of agriculture and forestry, into a university faculty. The author also analyses the polytechnic students’ and teacher trainees’ socio-economic background.
The concept practical-utilitarian is used to draw attention to the fact that these fields and emerging disciplines were not part of traditional university education.
The chapter closes with a discussion on the historical layer of the age of Autonomy,
during which the university was increasingly intertwined with the developments of society and the professions.
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Notes
- 1.
At about the same time, at the 100th anniversary of the University of Berlin, reference was made to the colossal size of the university, because it had 12,000 students. (Kuusi 1967, p. 41.)
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Välimaa, J. (2019). The Expansion of Higher Education into Practical-Utilitarian Disciplines. In: A History of Finnish Higher Education from the Middle Ages to the 21st Century. Higher Education Dynamics, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20808-0_8
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