Abstract
The history of the Swedish Kingdom is looked at from the perspective of education. The chapter begins by an analysis of the Reformation, a deep political and religious change, in the sixteenth century. During the Reformation, the church, which had been a universal community and organisation, became increasingly a part and organisation of the state. The chapter also describes the main trends of changes in education during Swedish rule, which in Finland lasted till 1809.
The Reformation changed radically the tradition of sending Finnish students to European universities. The Lutheran Church lacked resources to send students abroad, and King Gustav Vasa was not eager to invest in students or universities. In fact, studying abroad became part of the ecclesiastical policy determined by the ruler. Consequently, no Finnish students were sent to European universities between 1518 and 1531. After that, from 1531 to 1594, only 54 Finnish students studied abroad. In those days, most of the students headed for the German Protestant Universities of Wittenberg and Rostock. At the turn of the seventeenth century, just before the establishment of the Academy of Turku (1640), studying abroad increased slightly. At that time, most known Finnish students headed either for Uppsala or Wittenberg. The author also describes and analyses the education of nobility in this protestant Super Power of the Baltic region.
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Notes
- 1.
Johan Jespersson Kruus ’s trip is well-known thanks to his letters to Axel Oxenstierna (Nuorteva 1997).
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Välimaa, J. (2019). From the Reformation to the End of Swedish Rule – Laying the Foundations of a National University. In: A History of Finnish Higher Education from the Middle Ages to the 21st Century. Higher Education Dynamics, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20808-0_4
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