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Arsenic Transport, Metabolism, and Possible Mitigation Strategies in Plants

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Plant-Metal Interactions

Abstract

Arsenic (As)-contaminated soil and groundwater lead to contamination of the food chain and pose serious risk to human health worldwide. Arsenic accumulation, particularly inorganic arsenic, in food crops leads to potential health problems including cancer in populations. Elucidation of the mechanisms for As transport and metabolism is a prerequisite to develop safer crops with reduced As levels and efficient phytoremediation methods. Arsenate is taken up by plants through the phosphate transporters and arsenite and undissociated methylated As species through the nodulin 26-like intrinsic (NIP) and plasma membrane intrinsic (PIP) aquaporin channels. Arsenate is readily reduced to arsenite in planta, which is detoxified by complexation with thiol-rich peptides such as phytochelatins and/or vacuolar sequestration. Production of reactive oxygen species is induced by As exposure which can lead to the production of antioxidant metabolites and several enzymes involved in antioxidant defense. Nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, oxidative carbon metabolism, and amino acid and protein relationships are also affected by As exposure. Plant-based remediation strategies either through natural or genetically modified plants for cleaning up of the As-contaminated sites is a cost-effective, green-clean technology that has been variously used for As containment. In the present chapter, the comprehensive knowledge generated in the area of arsenic transporters, its metabolism, and phytoremediation from contaminated soil has been discussed.

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Acknowledgments

KK acknowledges the financial assistance from Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (37(1)/14/28/2016-BRNS), India. PS is thankful to DST-SERB Project no. ECR/2016/000888 and UGC-Start-up Grant no. F.4-5(107-FRP)/2014(BSR) for financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India

    Kundan Kumar & Divya Gupta

  2. Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Kareem A. Mosa & Kalidoss Ramamoorthy

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

    Kareem A. Mosa

  4. Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India

    Pallavi Sharma

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  1. Kundan Kumar
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  2. Divya Gupta
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  4. Kalidoss Ramamoorthy
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  5. Pallavi Sharma
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Correspondence to Kundan Kumar .

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  1. Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sudhakar Srivastava

  2. Nuclear Agriculture & Biotech Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Ashish K. Srivastava

  3. Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Penna Suprasanna

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Kumar, K., Gupta, D., Mosa, K.A., Ramamoorthy, K., Sharma, P. (2019). Arsenic Transport, Metabolism, and Possible Mitigation Strategies in Plants. In: Srivastava, S., Srivastava, A., Suprasanna, P. (eds) Plant-Metal Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20732-8_8

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