Skip to main content

Bioactive Façade System Symbiosis as a Key for Eco-Beneficial Building Element

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

The problems in today’s built environment have a strong interrelation with key factors like pollution, global warming, energy and limited natural resources. When thinking of an ideal city the management of all these factors plays an important role in sustainability. Searching a magical solution to all these problems in this dynamic structure is not realistic, but some novel approaches like using the greenery (plants and microalgae) as bioactive elements adapted throughout the urban environment especially in the form of living façades on the buildings is getting more attention with regards to their eco-friendly potential. Bioactive façades can create a positive impact on managing some important parameters like thermal comfort, energy efficiency, wastewater recycle, CO2 capture and real estate price increase in microscale focusing on a single building as well as global warming, pollution control, urban heat islands, social wealth and sustainable future in macroscale focusing on a big city. The aim of this review will be the key parameters for an efficient bioactive façade with regards to pros and cons, challenges and future. The review will cover the background of using plants as living walls or green walls and then will focus on the microalgae and photobioreactor adapted buildings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Addanki SC, Venkataraman H (2017) Greening the economy: a review of urban sustainability measures for developing new cities. Sustain Cities Soc 32:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Yang H, Xu Z, Fan M, Gupta R, Slimane RB, Bland AE, Wright I (2008) Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture: a review. J Environ Sci 20:14–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tudiwer D, Korjenic A (2017) The effect of living wall systems on the thermal resistance of the façade. Energy Build 135:10–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Elmqvist T, Andersson E, Frantzeskaki N, McPhearson T, Olsson P, Gaffney O, Takeuchi K, Folke C (2019) Sustainability and resilience for transformation in the urban century. Nat Sustain 2:267–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sustainable development goals, UN database, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/. Accessed 29 April 2019

  6. Phillis Y, Kouikogloua VS, Verdugo C (2017) Urban sustainability assessment and ranking of cities. Comput Environ Urban Syst 64:254–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Koop SHA, Van Leeuwen CJ (2017) The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities. Environ Dev Sustain 19:385–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. International Energy Agency (2017) Key world energy statistics

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mondal MK, BalsoraH K, Varshney P (2012) Progress and trends in CO2 capture/separation technologies: a review. Energy 46:431–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Creutziga F, Baiocchic G, Bierkandtd R, Pichlerd PP, Seto C (2015) Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge. PNAS 112(20):6283–6288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Koc CB, Osmond P, Peters A (2017) Towards a comprehensive green infrastructure typology: a systematic review of approaches, methods and typologies. Urban Ecosystems 20:15–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Öncel SŞ, Köse A, Öncel DŞ (2016) Façade integrated photobioreactors for building energy efficiency. In: Pacheco-Torgal F, Rasmussen ES, Granqvist CG, Ivanov V, Kaklauskas HA, Makonin S (eds) Start-up creation the smart eco-efficient built environment. Woodhead Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  13. Paschoalino de Jesus MD, Lourenco JM, Arce RM, Macias M (2017) Green façades and in situ measurements of outdoor building thermal behavior. Build Environ 119:11–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Elrayies GM (2018) Microalgae: prospects for greener future buildings. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 81:1175–1191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Perini K, Rosasco P (2016) Is greening the building envelope economically sustainable? An analysis to evaluate the advantages of economy of scope of vertical greening systems and green roofs. Urban Forestry Urban Greening 20:328–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Feng H, Kasun H (2014) Lifecycle assessment of living walls: air purification and energy performance. J Clean Prod 69:91–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Manso M, Castro Gomes JP (2016) Thermal analysis of a new modular system for green walls. J Building Eng 7:53–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Oncel SS, Köse A (2016) Photobioreactors for sustainable buildings. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 52:77–88

    Google Scholar 

  19. Charoenkit S, Yiemwattana S (2016) Living walls and their contribution to improved thermal comfort and carbon emission reduction: a review. Build Environ 105:82–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Eumorfopoulou EA, Kontoleo KJ (2009) Experimental approach to the contribution of plant-covered walls to the thermal behaviour of building envelopes. Build Environ 44:1024–1038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cheng CY, Cheung Ken KS, Chu LM (2010) Thermal performance of a vegetated cladding system on façade walls. Build Environ 45:1779–1787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kenneth I, Marta L, Andrew M (2010) Shading performance of a vertical deciduous climbing plant canopy. Build Environ 45:81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ottele M, van Bohemen HD, Fraaij ALA (2010) Quantifying the deposition of particulate matter on climber vegetation on living walls. Ecol Eng 36:154–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wong NH, Tan AYK, Tan PY, Chiang N, Wong C (2010) Acoustics evaluation of vertical greenery systems for building walls. Build Environ 45:411–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Pérez G, Rincón L, Vila A, González JM, Cabeza LF (2011) a). Behaviour of green façades in Mediterranean Continental climate. Energy Convers Manag 52:1861–1867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pérez G, Rincón L, Vila A, González JM, Cabeza LF (2011) b). Green vertical systems for buildings as passive systems for energy savings. Appl Energy 88:4854–4859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Perini K, Ottelé M, Fraaij ALA, Haas EM, Rossana R (2011) Vertical greening systems and the effect on air flow and temperature on the building envelope. Build Environ 46:2287–2294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Sunakorn P, Yimprayoon C (2011) Thermal performance of biofaçade with natural ventilation in the tropical climate. Procedia Engineering 21:34–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Chen Q, Baofeng L, Xiaohu L (2013) An experimental evaluation of the living wall system in hot and humid climate. Energy Build 61:298–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Mazzali U, Peron F, Romagnoni P, Pulselli RM, Bastianoni S (2013) Experimental investigation on the energy performance of living walls in a temperate climate. Build Environ 64:57–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Cameron RWF, Taylor JE, Emmett MR (2014) What’s ‘cool’ in the world of green façades? How plant choice influences the cooling properties of green walls. Build Environ 73:198–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Coma J, Perez G, Sole C, Castell A, Cabeza LF (2014) New green façades as passive systems for energy savings on buildings. Energy Procedia 57:1851–1859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Liang TC, Hien WN, Jusuf SK (2014) Effects of vertical greenery on mean radiant temperature in the tropical urban environment. Landscape Urban Planning 127:52–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Susorova I, Azimi P, Stephens B (2014) The effects of climbing vegetation on the local microclimate, thermal performance, and air infiltration of four building façade orientations. Build Environ 76:113–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Azkorra Z, Perez G, Coma J, Cabeza LF, Bures S, Alvaro JE, Erkoreka A, Urrestarazu M (2015) Evaluation of green walls as a passive acoustic insulation system for buildings. Appl Acoust 89:46–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Cameron RWF, Taylor JE, Emmett MR (2015) A Hedera green façade e Energy performance and saving under different maritime-temperate, winter weather conditions. Build Environ 92:111–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hoelscher MT, Nehls T, Jänicke B, Wessolek G (2016) Quantifying cooling effects of façade greening: shading, transpiration and insulation. Energy Build 114:283–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Urrestarazu P, Fernández-Canero R, Franco A, Egea G (2016) Influence of an active living wall on indoor temperature and humidity conditions. Ecol Eng 90:120–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Jimenez MS (2018) Green walls: a sustainable approach to climate change, a case study of London. Architectural Sci Rev 61(1–2):48–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Vox G, Blanco I, Schettini E (2018) Green façades to control wall surface temperature in buildings. Build Environ 129:154–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Kokogiannakis G, Darkwa J, Badeka S, Li Y (2019) Experimental comparison of green façades with outdoor test cells during a hot humid season. Energy Build 185:196–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Pettit T, Irgaz PJ, Torpy FR (2019) The in-situ pilot-scale phytoremediation of airborne VOCs and particulate matter with an active green wall. Air Qual Atmos Health 12:33–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Weerakkody U, Dover JW, Mitchell P, Reiling K (2019) Topographical structures in planting design of living walls affect their ability to immobilise traffic-based particulate matter. Sci Total Environ 660:644–649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Stec WJ, van Paassen AHC, Maziarz A (2005) Modelling the double skin façade with plants. Energy Build 37:419–427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kontoleon KJ, Eumorfopoulou EA (2010) The effect of the orientation and proportion of a plant-covered wall layer on the thermal performance of a building zone. Build Environ 45:1287–1303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Jim CY, He H (2011) Estimating heat flux transmission of vertical greenery ecosystem. Ecol Eng 37:1112–1122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Franco A, Fernández-Cañero R, Pérez-Urrestarazu L, Valera DL (2012) Wind tunnel analysis of artificial substrates used in active living walls for indoor environment conditioning in Mediterranean buildings. Build Environ 51:370–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Susorova I, Angulo M, Bahrami P, Stephens B (2013) A model of vegetated exterior façades for evaluation of wall thermal performance. Build Environ 67:1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Djedjig R, Bozonnet E, Belarbi R (2015) Analysis of thermal effects of vegetated envelopes: integration of a validated model in a building energy simulation program. Energy Build 86:93–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Guillaume G, Gauvreau B, L’Hermite P (2015) Numerical study of the impact of vegetation coverings on sound levels and time decays in a canyon street model. Sci Total Environ 502:22–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Koch K, Samson R, Denys S (2019) Aerodynamic characterisation of green wall vegetation based on plant morphology: an experimental and computational fluid dynamics approach. Biosys Eng 178:34–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Lee LSH, Jim CY (2019) Energy benefits of green-wall shading based on novel-accurate apportionment of short-wave radiation components. Appl Energy 238:1506–1518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Morakinyo TE, Lai A, Lau KKL, Ng E (2019) Thermal benefits of vertical greening in a high-density city: case study of Hong Kong. Urban Forestry Urban Greening 37:42–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Wong NH, Tan KAY, Tan PY, Wong NC (2009) Energy simulation of vertical greenery systems. Energy Build 41:1401–1408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Šuklje T, Hamdy M, Arkar C, Hensen JLM, Medved S (2019) An inverse modeling approach for the thermal response modeling of green Façades. Appl Energy 235:1447–1456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Hunter AM, Williams NSG, Rayner JP, Aye L, He D, Livesley SJ (2014) Quantifying the thermal performance of green façades: a critical review. Ecol Eng 63:102–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Pérez G, Coma J, Sol S, Cabeza LF (2017) Green façade for energy savings in buildings: the influence of leaf area index and façade orientation on the shadow effect. Appl Energy 187:424–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Chena N, Tsayb Y, Chiub W (2017) Influence of vertical greening design of building opening on indoor cooling and ventilation. Int J Green Energy 14(1):24–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Riley B (2017) The state of the art of living walls: lessons learned. Build Environ 114:219–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Oncel SS, Kose A, Vardar F, Torzillo G (2015) From the ancient tribes to modern societies, microalgae evolution from a simple food to an alternative fuel source. In: Kim SK (ed) Handbook of marine microalgae. Biotechnology advances. Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  61. Sayre R (2010) Microalgae: the potential for carbon capture. Bioscience 60:722–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Oncel S (2013) Microalgae for a macro energy world. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 26:241–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Kose A, Oncel SS (2017) Algae as a promising resource for biofuel industry: facts and challenges. Int J Energy Res 41:924–951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Randrianarison G, Ashraf MA (2017) Microalgae: a potential plant for energy production. Geol Ecol Landscapes 1(2):104–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Oncel SS (2015). Biohydrogen from microalgae, uniting energy, life, and green future. In: kim SK (ed) Handbook of marine microalgae Biotechnology advances. Academic Press, pp 159–196

    Google Scholar 

  66. Ryong T et al (2014) Analysis for energy efficiency of the algae façade-focused on closed bioreactor system. KIEAE J 14(6):15–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Perini K, Rosasco P (2013) Cost-benefit analysis for green façades and living wall. Build Environ 70:110–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Araji MT, Shahid I (2018) Symbiosis optimization of building envelopes and micro-algae Photobioreactors. J Build Eng 18:58–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Pruvost J, Le Gouic B, Lepine O, Legrand J, Le Borgne F (2016) Microalgae culture in building-integrated photobioreactors: biomass production modeling and energetic analysis. Chem Eng J 284:850–861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Tae Ryong K, Seung Hoon H (2014) Analysis for energy efficiency of the algae façade, focused on closed bioreactor system. KIEAE J 14:15–21

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suphi S. Oncel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Oncel, S.S., Şenyay Öncel, D. (2020). Bioactive Façade System Symbiosis as a Key for Eco-Beneficial Building Element. In: Dincer, I., Colpan, C., Ezan, M. (eds) Environmentally-Benign Energy Solutions. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20637-6_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20636-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-20637-6

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics